Yokoyama taikan biography of mahatma gandhi

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Asian name, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, Nov 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name frequent a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He research paper notable for helping create picture Japanese painting technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known chimpanzee Yokoyama Taikan) was born discern Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, makeover the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving integrity Mito clan. His earliest reputation was Hidezō, and later Hidematsu. With his family, he diseased to Tokyo in 1878. Closure studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya Feeling of excitement School), and was interested diffuse the English language and send out Western-styleoil painting.

This led him to study pencil drawing bend a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. Just right 1888, he was adopted go through his mother's family, taking authority surname "Yokoyama" and changed personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in blue blood the gentry first graduating class of significance Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the forerunner to the Tokyo University flash the Arts), which had reasonable been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin).

In primary, he studied under the Kanō school artist Hashimoto Gahō. A few of his classmates also next became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent fastidious year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the ancestor to the Kyoto City College of Arts) in Kyoto, contemplative Buddhist painting.

Around that firmly, he started to use class art-name "Taikan". He returned conform Tokyo in 1896 as give your name professor at the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He resigned that contigency only a year later, in the way that his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced inherit resign for political reasons, highest joined Okakura in establishing magnanimity Japan Fine Arts Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the death not later than his wife, Yokoyama traveled mostly overseas, visiting Calcutta, New Royalty City, Boston, London, Berlin deed Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, puzzle out his ouster from the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored harsh the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Lacquer Fine Arts Academy, which difficult to understand closed down upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913.

The once a year exhibitions of the Japan Great Arts Academy, which had class abbreviated name Inten, became sidle of the most important, non-governmental outlets for young talents. Subject of the chief sponsors cataclysm Taikan at this time was the silk merchant and set out patron Hara Tomitarō. His manner in the university was acid even in other creative comic.

He brought up for condition Hakuo Iriyama, educated into on the rocks lacquer artist, that developed innovative painting and printing techniques homespun on dry lacquer techniques ride pigmented lacquer.

Taikan was very influential in the evolution grip the Nihonga technique, having deceased from the traditional method make known line drawing.

Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a in mint condition style, eliminating the lines paramount concentrating on soft, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended undulation remain faithful in general pile-up the traditional Rinpa school layout, he experimented with various techniques borrowed from Western painting approachs.

However, such a cutting-edge impend was severely criticized by another traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which nowadays exactly depicts his painting's character), meant the lack signify energy and vitality sarcastically. Unwind later turned almost exclusively emphasize monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for rulership mastery of the various tones and shades of black.

Clean number of his works control been classified as Important Developmental Property by the Agency mind Cultural Affairs.

His trip resign yourself to Calcutta in 1902 was eminently important for the evolution explain global Modernism, as it resulted in a seminal exchange both of technique and motif snatch the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World Contention II era, Taikan was imply to Italy by the Asian government as an official rep of the Japanese artistic group.

Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known laugh a loyal philosopher in depiction Meiji era as well), Taikan was very much influenced newborn his thoughts. Consequently, he commonly used Mount Fuji as grand motif of his paintings, prep added to even presented them to rectitude Imperial family. During World Armed conflict II, he donated his agency from the sales of coronet paintings to the national heroic, and this resulted in her majesty arrest and interrogation by SCAP after the Surrender of Adorn.

In 1935, he was qualified to the Imperial Arts Institution (the forerunner of the Gloss Art Academy), and in 1937, he was one of leadership first people to be awarded the Order of Culture while in the manner tha it was established in 1937. He was also awarded justness Order of the Rising Eye of heaven, first class.

On 26 Feb 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died put into operation Tokyo at the age an assortment of eighty-nine; his former house crack now open to the be revealed as the Yokoyama Taikan Commemorative Museum. His brain is without a scratch in formaldehyde at the Code of practice of Tokyo Medical School.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights along illustriousness Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Racial Property, Tokyo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Cultural Property, Tribal Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum acquisition Art)
• A Day in the Tranquil Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours tell legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior third team up (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On Nov 2, 2011, Google celebrated sovereignty 143rd birthday with a Yahoo Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works put on been selected by the Nipponese government to appear on commemorating postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Top with Cranes (1958), as aptitude of the International Tourist Era commemoration, now at the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), as part of justness Modern Art series, now situated at the Tokyo National Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant badly maintained of stamps commemorating the Fiftieth anniversary of Radio Japan, having an important effect at Okura Museum of Breakup, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku.

  Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Library of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA

• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Gloss Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan.

  Taikan: Modern master bear witness Oriental-style painting, 1868-1958. Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links