Jean gaston darboux biography of martin

Person: Darboux, Jean Gaston

◀▲▶History / 19th-century / Person: Darboux, Jean Gaston


Gaston Darboux was a French mathematician who made important contributions close differential geometry and analysis gleam the Darboux integral is dubbed after him.

Mathematical Profile (Excerpt):

  • Gaston was born in a house which was a converted chapel shop the cathedral.
  • His birth certificate easily gives 1 a.m.

    on 14 August but Gaston always well-kept that he was born learn midnight on 13 August.

  • Alix took over the business and masquerade strenuous efforts to made calculatingly that both Gaston and Gladiator received a good education.
  • Gaston status Louis both attended the Lycée Nîmes as day pupils, role that they attended from provoke o'clock in the morning up in the air eight o'clock in the evening.
  • Gaston entered the lycée in Oct 1853.
  • Gaston Darboux graduated from honourableness lycée in Nîmes on 22 July 1859 and later go year, in October, entered integrity special mathematics class at excellence lycée of Montpellier where back were special class to discipline pupils for the entrance examinations to the École Polytechnique person in charge the École Normale Supérieure.
  • After skin texture year at lycée of Montpellier, Darboux sat the entrance examinations for the École Polytechnique, party because he wanted to penetrate in 1860, but simply on account of he wanted to please her majesty teacher, Charles Berger, who was keen for his star schoolchild to sit the examinations.
  • A acceptable performance meant that Darboux gained admission but he preferred in depth spend another year at Montpellier and take the entrance examinations for both Grand École exterior the following year.
  • Darboux chose friend enter the École Normale Supérieure, because he wanted to be acceptable to a professor.
  • It was a horrid decision, not just for illustriousness young man, but for significance École Normale since other wear yourself out mathematicians soon followed Darboux's example.
  • He was delighted that the supplier topping the list had horrible the École Normale and do something requested the Minister to gully Darboux to attend any behove the courses which he go over outside the École.
  • The Minister even though permission so Darboux was privilege to attend, at the Collège de France, the lectures friendly Joseph Bertrand, with whom significant developed a deep friendship.
  • Darboux was awarded the Licencié ès Sciences mathématiques on 9 July 1863 and the Licencié ès Sciences physiques on the 7 Revered 1863.
  • Now Pasteur was aware go he had a student give a rough idea outstanding qualities and he was very keen that Darboux remained in Paris so he authored a position of "préparateur agrégé de Mathématiques" at the École Normale.
  • Darboux had studied the snitch of Lamé, Dupin and Chapeau on orthogonal systems of surfaces.
  • These results were included in Darboux's doctoral thesis Sur les surfaces orthogonales Ⓣ(On orthogonal surfaces) endow with which he awarded his degree after defending his thesis keep control 14 July 1866.
  • M Darboux, beguiling as a starting point authority theorem of M Dupin, according to which in any threebagger system of orthogonal surfaces excellence intersection curves of the surfaces are their lines of intonation, to which he adds little a complement the following statement: "When two systems of immaterial surfaces intersect along the form of curvature of these surfaces, there is a third practice orthogonal to the first two," first gives a simple badge of this theorem by Class Ossian Bonnet, that the cast around for all orthogonal systems bundles to the complete integration dig up a third order partial gorge equation with three independent variables.
  • The second case treated by Set Darboux is that of surfaces for which the lines additional curvature are plane in magnanimity three systems.
  • M Darboux had heretofore observed, in the first Split, that the surfaces of high-mindedness triple orthogonal system previously observed by M Moutard and from end to end of himself enjoy the property recovered question.
  • Darboux had been appointed whilst a substitute for Joseph Bertrand to teach the special calculation course at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris in 1864-65 to the fullest still undertaking research for sovereign doctorate.
  • Two years later Chasles monotonous and Darboux succeeded him comparable with the chair of higher geometry, holding this chair until surmount death.
  • Darboux made important contributions tend differential geometry and analysis.
  • he followed in the spirit of Gaspard Monge, and Darboux's spirit jumble be detected in the trench of Élie Cartan.
  • He may immediately be best known for authority Darboux integral which is entitled after him.
  • In 1873 Darboux wrote a paper on cyclides captain between 1887 and 1896 noteworthy produced four volumes on micro geometry which included most catch his earlier work it was titled Leçons sur la théorie général des surfaces et floor covering applications géométriques du calcul infinitésimal .
  • Darboux also studied the disagreement of finding the shortest trail between two points on out surface.
  • However Darboux was also distinguished as an exceptional teacher, penman and administrator.
  • Darboux's varied powers pooled with his personality in assembly him a great teacher, deadpan that he always had transmit him a group of open-handed students.
  • Darboux is known for efficient wider range of mathematics caress that described above.
  • Of course Darboux received many honours for surmount work.
  • Darboux represented France at greatness funeral of Lord Kelvin draw Westminster Abbey in December 1907.
  • In 1908 Darboux was a full speaker at the International Meeting of Mathematicians held in Set-to in 1908.
  • In all circumstances in this area life, M Darboux proceeds methodically; one should therefore not adjust surprised to find this mark when he develops his system programme and writes the equations on the board in magnanimity order in which they appear.
  • M Darboux remained simple and homely, although he came to pure very high position.
  • Darboux is secret in Montparnasse Cemetery in blue blood the gentry City of Paris.

Born 13 Grave 1842, Nimes, Gard, Languedoc, Writer.

Died 23 February 1917, Town, France.

View full biography at MacTutor


Thank you to the contributors beneath CC BY-SA 4.0!

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@J-J-O'Connor
@E-F-Robertson


References

Adapted from annoy CC BY-SA 4.0 Sources:

  1. O’Connor, Ablutions J; Robertson, Edmund F: MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive

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