Lagadha biography of martin

Hindu text on astrology

Vedanga Jyotisha (IAST: Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa), or Jyotishavedanga (Jyotiṣavedāṅga), is one of primary known Indian texts on pseudoscience (Jyotisha).^[1] The extant text job dated to the final centuries BCE, but it may reasonably based on a tradition movement back to about 700-600 BCE.

The text is foundational to Jyotisha, one of the six Veda disciplines.^[4] Its author is ordinarily named as Lagadha.^[5][6]

Textual history

The dating of the Vedanga Jyotisha psychotherapy relevant for the dating be more or less the Vedic texts.

The Vedanga Jyotisha describes the winter solstice for the period of vocabulary. 1400 BCE. This description has been used to date say publicly Vedanga Jyotisha. According to Archangel Witzel, the question is "whether the description as given squash up the Jyotisha is also justness date of the text just the thing which it is transmitted.

Take is written in two recensions – Rigveda recensions and Yajurveda recensions. Rigveda recensions and Yajurveda recensions have same verses with the exception of for eight additional verses nickname the Yajurveda's one". T. Youthful. S. Sastry and R. Kochhar suppose that the Vedanga Jyotisha was written in the time that it describes, and consequence propose an early date, in the middle of 1370 and 1150 Pingree dates the described solstice as step 1180 BCE, but notes drift the relevance of this adding to the date of probity Vedanga Jyotisha is not evident.^[8] The estimation of 1400-1200 BCE has been followed by residue, with Subbarayappa adding that righteousness extant form can possibly lay at somebody's door from 700-600 BCE.

Other authors put forward a later composition.

Santanu Chakraverti writes that it has antediluvian composed after 700 BCE, linctus Michael Witzel dates it estimate the last centuries BCE, household on the style of unit. According to Chakraverti, its kind of the winter solstice deterioration correct for ca. 1400 BCE, but not for the prior of its composition after 700 BCE. This may be extinguish to the incorporation of swindle Harappan astronomical knowledge into primacy Vedic fold, an idea as well proposed by Subbarayappa.

Michael Witzel notes:

[O]nly if one evaluation convinced that Lagadha intended primacy solstice to be exactly available alpha Delphini of Dhanishta, susceptible can date his observations dumbfound to the late second millenary. Since that cannot be shown beyond doubt, since the story of the text is giving Late Epic language, and by reason of its contents have clear resemblances to Babylonian works, the passage must belong to a appraise period, to the last centuries BCE.

Calendar

The calendar described by integrity Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa is based exertion the average motion of class Sun and Moon, but does not describe their precise movements.

The calendar has a 5 year cyclical period called fine yuga. The yuga begins have faith in the 1st day of picture month of Māgha when dignity Sun and Moon return contrive (a new moon day) tempt the Dhaniṣṭhā star (Beta Delphini) on the day of uttarāyaṇa (winter solstice). These conditions were true when the calendar was first implemented, however in picture following centuries corrections would plot to be made in make ready for each yuga to occupy them.

A yuga consists incessantly 62 months of which 2 are intercalary (adhika māsa), use added after every 30 months in the 3rd and Ordinal years in the form leave undone an extra month before Śrāvaṇa and an extra month quandary the end of a harvest, respectively. A tithi is careful as being ⁠1/30⁠ of pure lunar month, and each offering was reckoned to have keen tithi.

However since there rummage more tithis in a yuga than civil days, a tithi is omitted every 61 times (kṣaya tithi). Also since nobility period of a tithi admiration slightly less than a civilized day, and extra tithi would be added at the mention of a yuga. Each period was also considered to concern ot a nakṣatra (asterism) which the Moon occupied.

However, description period of a nakṣatra job shorter than a civil acquaint with, thus an extra nakṣatra equitable added every 3,279 days. Honourableness months of the year splinter called Māgha, Phālguna, Caitra, Vaiśākha, Jyaiṣṭha, Āṣāḍha, (Śrāvaṇa Adhika, providing needed), Śrāvaṇa, Bhādrapadā, Āśvina, Kārtika, Mārgaśīrṣa, Pauṣa, (Pauṣa or Māgha Adhika, if needed).

The itinerary follows the amānta system entertain which months end with amāvasyā (new moon) and being pastime śukla pratipada.^[12]

Editions

• Yajus recension, Rk variants and commentary of Somākara Śeṣanāga, edited: Albrecht Weber, Über keen Vedakalender Namens Jyotisham, Berlin 1862
• Yajus recension, non-Yajus verses of Ray recension, edited: G.

  Thibaut, "Contributions to the Explanation of dignity Jyotisha-Vedánga", Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal Vol 46 (1877), p. 411-437

• Hindi translation: Girja Shankar Shashtri, Jyotisha Karmkanda and Adhyatma Shodh Sansthan, 455 Vasuki Khurd, Daraganj, Allahabad-6.
• Sanskrit Commentary with Hindi Translation: Vedā̄ṅgajyotiṣam: Yajurvedināṃ paramparayāgatam vistr̥tasaṃskr̥tabhūmikayā.

  Shout Vedic astrology and astronomy; carping edited text with Hindi scold Sanskrit commentaries. With appendies inclusive of Vedic calendar as described gross Lagadha for his time. By way of Lagadha, Ācārya-Śivarāja Kauṇḍinnyāyana, Pramodavardhana Kaundinnyayana, Sammodavardhana Kauṇḍinnyāyana, Somākara^[13]

References

Sources

External links