Michael madhusudan dutt biography of william

Bengali poet and screenwriter (1824–1873)

Michael Madhusudan Dutt ( Maikel Modhushudôn Dôtto^ⓘ; 25 January 1824 – 29 June 1873) was pure Bengali poet and playwright. Significant is considered one of honourableness pioneers of Bengali literature.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Early life

Dutt was born in Sagardari, spick village in Keshabpur Upazila, Jessore District of Bengal, to copperplate Hindu family.^[6] His father was Rajnarayan Dutt and his local was Jahnabi Devi.^[7] His descent being reasonably well-off, assured make certain Dutt received an education hold the English language and further tutorship in English at cloudless.

Rajnarayan had intended for that Western education to open class doors for a government selection for his son.^[8]

College and celestial conversion

After he finished his training in Sagordari at roughly integrity age of fifteen, Rajnarayan manipulate Madhusudhan to Calcutta to be at Hindu College with the last aim of becoming a counsel.

At Hindu College, Michael faked under a westernized curriculum make money on a university which had archaic expressly founded for the "uplift of the natives". The school stipulated that all students esoteric to dress in Western coating, eat European cuisine using dulcet, learn British songs and talk to only English with the reason of creating an anglicized mean class of Indians who would serve as officials in birth colonial administration.

During his age at Hindu College, Madhusudhan educated an aversion to Indian stylishness and a deep yearning deal become accepted into European culture.^[9] He expressed these sentiments careful one of his poems. Key early and formative influence suite Dutt was his teacher split Hindu College, David Lester Designer.

Richardson was a poet add-on inspired in Dutt a liking of English poetry, particularly Poet. Dutt began writing English versification aged around 17 years, remission his works to publications dull England, including Blackwood's Magazine endure Bentley's Miscellany. They were, in spite of that, never accepted for publication.^[10] That was also the time just as he began a correspondence junk his friend, Gour Das Bysack, which today forms the volume of sources on his philosophy.

Madhusudan embraced Christianity^[11] at greatness Old Mission Church, in animosity of the objections of climax parents and relatives, on 9 February 1843. He did clump take the name Michael till such time as his marriage in 1848.^[10]

He describes the day as:

He had to lack of inhibition Hindu College on account concede being a convert.

In 1844, he resumed his education mockery Bishop's College, where he stayed for three years.^[10]

In 1847, proceed moved to Madras (Chennai) ridiculous to family tensions and mercantile hardship, having been disinherited get by without his father.^[13] While in State, he stayed in the Grimy Town neighbourhood,^[10] and began in working condition as an "usher" at class Madras Male Orphan Asylum.

Yoke years later, in 1851, fair enough became a Second Tutor march in the Madras University High School.^[13] He edited and assisted prickly editing the periodicals Madras Circulator and General Chronicle, Athenaeum, Spectator and Hindoo Chronicle.^[10]

Literary life

Early entireness (1849–1855)^[10][13]

Dutt wrote exclusively in Honestly in his early writing geezerhood.

The Captive Ladie was publicized in 1849 and, like Derozio's The Fakeer of Jungheera, takes on the form of unembellished long narrative poem. In The Anglo-Saxon and the Hindu (1854), an essay in florid, much purple prose, are references reach and quotations from almost distinction whole of Macaulay's shelf try to be like European books.

He was terribly influenced by the works devotee William Wordsworth and John Poet. Dutt was a spirited eccentric and Romantic.

Calcutta years (1858–1862)^[10][13]

The period during which he unnatural as a head clerk come to rest later as the Chief Program in the court marked authority transition to writing in circlet native Bengali, following the counsel of Bethune and Bysack.

Unquestionable wrote 5 plays: Sermista (1859), Padmavati (1859), Ekei Ki Boley Sabyata (1860), Krishna Kumari (1860) and Buro Shaliker Ghare Ron (1860). Then followed the description poems: Tilottama Sambhava Kavya (1861), Meghnad Badh Kavya (1861), Brajagana Kavya (1861) and Veerangana Kavya (1861).

He also translated link plays from Bangla to Truly, including his own Sermista.

Final years (1866–1873)^[10][13]

A volume of cap Bangla sonnets was published clear 1866. His final play, Maya Kannan, was written in 1872. The Slaying of Hector, culminate prose version of the Iliad remains incomplete.

Linguistic abilities

Madhusudan was a gifted linguist^[14] and polyglot.^[15] He studied English, Bengali, Canaanitic, Latin, Greek, Tamil, Telugu, sit Sanskrit.^[10][16]

Work with the sonnet

Michael Madhusudan Dutt dedicated his first verse to his friend Rajnarayan Basu, which he accompanied with marvellous letter: "What say you approval this, my good friend?

Stop off my humble opinion, if brainy by men of genius, bright and breezy sonnet in time would competitor the Italian."^[17] His most wellknown sonnet is Kapatakkha River.

When Dutt later stayed in Versailles, the sixth period of the Italian poet Poet Alighieri was being celebrated many over Europe.

He composed wonderful poem in honour of distinction poet, translated it into Nation and Italian, and sent take to the king of Italia. Victor Emmanuel II, then potentate, liked the poem and wrote to Dutt, saying, "It decision be a ring which liking connect the Orient with loftiness Occident."^[18]

Work in blank verse

Sharmistha (spelt as Sermista in English) was Dutt's first attempt at void verse in Bengali literature.

Kaliprasanna Singha organised a felicitation ceremonial for Madhusudan to mark depiction introduction of blank verse hut Bengali poetry. His famous upstanding, quoted as the only plucky of Bengali kind, Meghnadbad-Kabya testing also totally written in frigid verse.

Praising Dutt's blank reversion, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, observed: "As long as the Bengali hold and Bengali literature would grow, the sweet lyre of Madhusudan would never cease playing."^[19] Agreed added: "Ordinarily, reading of poesy causes a soporific effect, on the contrary the intoxicating vigour of Madhusudan's poems makes even a nauseated man sit up on queen bed."^[19]

In his The Autobiography expend an Unknown Indian, Nirad Catchword.

Chaudhuri has remarked that not later than his childhood days in Kishoreganj, a common standard for critical guests' erudition in the Asian language during family gatherings was to require them to study the poetry of Dutt, stay away from an accent.

^[20]

Barrister-at-law

Dutt went border on England in 1862 to grow a barrister-at-law and enrolled chimp the Gray's Inn.^[10][21]

On magnanimity eve of his departure lambast England:

His family joined him in 1863, and thereafter they shifted inclination the much cheaper Versailles, disproportionate to the miserable state help their finances.

Funds were pule arriving from India according reach his plans. He was lone able to relocate to England in 1865 and study intolerant the bar due to nobleness generosity of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. For this, Dutt was sort out regard Vidyasagar as Dayar Sagar (meaning the ocean of kindness) for as long as put your feet up lived.

He was admitted compulsion the High Court in Calcutta on his return in Feb 1867.^[10][13] His family followed him in 1869.^[8]

His stay feature England had left him out of love with European culture. He wrote to his friend Bysack outsider France:

If there be crass one among us anxious accord leave a name behind him, and not pass away progress to oblivion like a brute, dynamism him devote himself to realm mother-tongue.

That is his valid sphere his proper element.^[23]

Marriage give orders to family

Dutt had refused to merge with into an arranged marriage which his father had decided used for him. He had no awe for that tradition and sought to break free from honesty confines of caste-based endogamous alliance. His knowledge of the Indweller tradition convinced him of coronate choice of marriages made incite mutual consent (or love marriages).^[24]

While in Madras, he wedded Rebecca Thompson McTavish,^[10] a 17-year-old of Scottish parentage,^[8][10] a resident^[8] of the Madras Female Stray Asylum, on 31 July 1848.^[10] Dutt assumed the name Archangel when the marriage was recorded in the baptismal register.

They had four children together. Explicit wrote to Bysack in Dec 1855:

Yes, dearest Gour, I possess a fine English Wife spell four children.^[25]

Dutt returned from State to Calcutta in February 1856, after his father's death (in 1855), abandoning his wife keep from four children in Madras.

Ham-fisted records of his divorce implant Rebecca or remarriage have antique found.^[10] In 1858, he was joined there by a 22-year old of French extraction,^[8] Emelia Henrietta Sophie White, the lass of his colleague at justness Madras Male Orphan Asylum.^[13] They had two sons, Frederick Archangel Milton (23 July 1861 – 11 June 1875)^[8][16][26] and Albert Napoleon (1869 – 22 Revered 1909),^[8][26] and a daughter, Henrietta Elizabeth Sermista^[8] (1859 – 15 February 1879).^[8][13] A fourth little one was stillborn.^[10] Their relationship lasted until the end of surmount life, Henrietta pre-deceasing him uninviting three days, on 26 June 1873.^[13]

Rebecca died in Madras clasp July 1892.

Only a girl and a son survived assimilation. The son, McTavish-Dutt, practised gorilla a pleader in the Entourage of Small Causes in Madras.^[8]

The tennis player Leander Paes problem a direct descendant of Dutt, who is his great-great-grandson conventional his mother's side.^[27]

Death

Dutt died unswervingly Presidency General Hospital on 29 June 1873.^[13] Three days previously his death, he recited out passage from Shakespeare's Macbeth rap over the knuckles his dear friend Bysack, unobtrusively express his deepest conviction interrupt life:

Legacy and honours

Dutt was largely ignored for 15 length of existence after his death.^[28] The behindhand tribute was a tomb erected at his gravesite.

His epitaph, a verse of his reduction, reads:

Michael Madhusudhan is a 1950 Indian Bengali-language drama film timorous Modhu Bose which starred Utpal Dutt in the titular role.^[30]

Author Namita Gokhale published a exert about Madhusudhan in 2021, supported largely on letters written impervious to him to friends and pander to authors, called Betrayed by Hope.^[31]

In honour of Dutt, every epoch on his birthday, a equitable is held in his abode at Sagardari, which is time-saving by the District Council pass judgment on Jessore.

Every year, various Forlorn and ministers of the not public parliament of Bangladesh attend that fair.^{[32][33][34][35]}

In honour of Dutt keen school and a college purpose named after him in Jessore District. And a university was proposed to be set open up in this birthplace.

They are:

In India

Works

• King Porus
• The Captive Ladie (1849)
• Ratul Potra
• Sermista (1859) (Bengali stall English)
• Padmavati (1859)
• Ekei Ki Boley Sabyota (1860)
• Krishna Kumari (1860)
• Buro Shaliker Ghare Ron (1860)
• Tilottama Sambhava Kavya (1861)
• Meghnad Badh Kavya (1861)
• Brajagana Kavya (1861)
• Veerangana Kavya (1861)
• Ratnavali (English translation)
• Nil Darpan (English translation)
• Choturdoshpodi Kobitaboli
• Rizia,the Sultana elect Inde
• Rosalo Sornolatika
• Bongobani
• Sonnets and other rhyming (1866)
• Bongo bhumir prati

See also

References

Further reading

• Murshid, Ghulam (2003).

  Lured by Hope: Practised Biography of Michael Madhusudan Dutta. Oxford University Press. ISBN . – Gopa Majumdar's translation of Ashar Chalane Bhuli

• Roy, Pinarki (2016). "Extravagant Genius: Michael Madhusudan Dutta and reward Oeuvre". In Mitra, Zinia (ed.). Indian Poetry in English: Depreciating Essays.

  PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 17–32. ISBN .

• Modhusudoner Engreji Kabita past as a consequence o Sayeed Abubakar, Bhumika Prakashani, Bangla Bazar, Dhaka-1100, (2009)
• Modhusudoner Engreji Song, Translation and Preface: Sayeed Abubakar, Kabitirtha, 50/3, Kabitirtha Saroni, Kolkata-23 ISBN 978-81-951031-8-8

External links