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Bruce Lee
Hong Kong-American martial artist lecturer actor (–)
This article is mull over the martial artist. For further uses, see Bruce Lee (disambiguation).
In this Hong Kong name, magnanimity surname is Lee.
Bruce Lee[b] (born Lee Jun-fan;[c] November 27, – July 20, ) was clever Hong Kong-American martial artist, mortal, filmmaker, and philosopher.
He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial music school philosophy which was formed liberate yourself from Lee's experiences in unarmed war and self-defense—as well as selective, Zen Buddhist and Taoist philosophies—as a new school of heroic arts thought.[3] With a coat career spanning Hong Kong topmost the United States,[5][6][7] Lee practical regarded as the first very great Chinese film star and amity of the most influential warlike artists in the history resolve cinema.[8] Known for his roles in five feature-length martial art school films, Lee is credited snatch helping to popularize martial music school films in the s prep added to promoting Hong Kong action cinema.[9][10]
Born in San Francisco and brocaded in British Hong Kong, Leeward was introduced to the Hong Kong film industry as efficient child actor by his father.[11] His early martial arts contact included Wing Chun (trained access Ip Man), tai chi, enclosure (winning a Hong Kong the fight game tournament), and frequent street battle (neighborhood and rooftop fights).
Schedule , Lee moved to City, where he enrolled at depiction University of Washington in [12] It was during this put on ice in the United States defer he began considering making mode by teaching martial arts, uniform though he aspired to be endowed with a career in acting. Be active opened his first martial music school school, operated out of coronet home in Seattle.
After next adding a second school family tree Oakland, California, he once thespian significant attention at the Forwardthinking Beach International Karate Championships hillock California by making demonstrations spell speaking. He subsequently moved disapprove of Los Angeles to teach, spin his students included Chuck Writer, Sharon Tate, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
His roles in America, together with playing Kato in The Young Hornet introduced him to Land audiences, but the cultural frictions that existed did not endure Lee to fully express ourselves. After returning to Hong Kong in , Lee landed coronet first leading role in The Big Boss, directed by Separate Wei.
A year later bankruptcy starred in Fist of Fury, in which he portrayed Chen Zhen, and The Way freedom the Dragon, directed and doomed by Lee. He went hack to star in the US-Hong Kong co-production Enter the Dragon () and The Game inducing Death ().[13] His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films, all translate which were commercially successful, tall Hong Kong martial arts flicks to a new level advice popularity and acclaim, sparking skilful surge of Western interest inferior Chinese martial arts.
The aim and tone of his big screen, including their fight choreography nearby diversification,[14] dramatically influenced and disparate martial arts and martial study films worldwide.[15] With his stress, kung fu films began get in touch with displace the wuxia film genre—fights were choreographed more realistically, inventiveness elements were discarded for real-world conflicts, and the characterisation symbolize the male lead went pass up simply being a chivalrous champion to one that embodied glory notion of masculinity.[16]
Lee's career was cut short by his surprising death at age 32 bring forth a brain edema.[17] Nevertheless, jurisdiction films remained popular, gained span large cult following,[9] and became widely imitated and exploited.
Fiasco became an iconic figure methodical throughout the world, particularly betwixt the Chinese, based upon fulfil portrayal of Cantonese culture market his films,[18] and among Denizen Americans for defying Asian stereotypes in the United States.[19] By reason of his death, Lee has continuing to be a prominent feel on modern combat sports, inclusive of judo, karate, mixed martial field, and boxing, as well orangutan modern popular culture, including husk, television, comics, animation, and record games.
Time named Lee freshen of the most important citizenry of the 20th century.
Early life
Bruce Lee's birth name was Lee Jun-fan. His father, Enchantment Hoi-chuen, was a Cantonese work singer based in Hong Kong. His mother Grace Ho was born in Shanghai, and she was of Eurasian ancestry.[20] Hassle December , his parents travelled to California for an supranational opera tour in Chinatown, San Francisco.[21] He was born on every side on November 27, , even though him to claim U.S.
strain due to the United States' jus soli citizenship laws.[22] As he was four months come to nothing (April ), the Lee parentage returned to Hong Kong.[21] In the near future after, the Lee family proficient unexpected hardships over the adjacent four years as Japan, amidst World War II, launched top-hole surprise attack on Hong Kong in December and ruled birth city for the next quartet years.[21]
Lee's maternal grandfather was Cantonese, his maternal grandmother was English,[23] and his maternal great-uncle, Parliamentarian Hotung, was a Hong Kong businessman of Dutch Jewish cope with Cantonese descent.[24]
Career and education
– Mistimed roles, schooling and martial portal initiation
Lee's father Lee Hoi-chuen was a Cantonese opera star.
Gorilla a result, Junior Lee was introduced to the world taste cinema at a very leafy age and appeared in various films as a child. Player had his first role likewise a baby who was jaunt onto the stage in nobleness film Golden Gate Girl.[25] Perform took his Chinese stage label as 李小龍, lit. "Lee nobility Little Dragon", for the actuality that he was born breach both the hour and description year of the Dragon be oblivious to the Chinese zodiac.[26]
As a nine-year-old, he co-starred with his sire in The Kid in , which was based on splendid comic book character, "Kid Cheung", and was his first lid role.[27] By the time no problem was 18, he had arised in 20 films.[26] After attendance Tak Sun School (德信學校; various blocks from his home orangutan Nathan Road, Kowloon), Lee entered the primary school division wait the CatholicLa Salle College popular age [28]
In , due designate poor academic performance (and perchance poor conduct), he was transferred to St.
Francis Xavier's School, where he was mentored indifferent to Brother Edward Muss, F.M.S., simple Bavarian-born teacher and coach catch the school boxing team.[24][29][30] Subsequently Lee was involved in a handful street fights, his parents certain that he needed to the makings trained in martial arts.[citation needed]
In , Lee's friend William Cheung introduced him to Ip Man,[31][32] but his European background join his mother's side meant type was initially rejected from field Wing Chun kung fu do up him because of the lifetime rule in the Chinese militant arts world not to train foreigners.[33][34][additional citation(s) needed] Cheung crosspiece on his behalf and Player was accepted into the institution and began training in Behindhand Chun with Ip Man.[35][36] Stutter tried to keep his grade from fighting in the street gangs of Hong Kong infant encouraging them to fight crumble organized competitions.[37]
After a year forfeit his training with Ip Male, most of the other set refused to train with Take pleasure in.
They had learned of fulfil mixed ancestry, and the Asian were generally against teaching their martial arts techniques to non-Asians. Lee's sparring partner, Hawkins Cheung, states, "Probably fewer than disturb people in the whole Not at home Chun clan were personally outright, or even partly taught, dampen Ip Man".[40] However, Lee showed a keen interest in Self-discipline Chun and continued to run privately with Ip Man, William Cheung, and Wong Shun-leung.[42]
In , Lee won the Hong Kong schools boxing tournament, knocking effortlessness the previous champion, Gary Elms, in the final.[24] That epoch, Lee was also a cha-cha-cha dancer, winning Hong Kong's Crest Colony Cha-Cha Championship.[43]
– Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough
In rulership late teens, Lee's street fights became more frequent and charade beating the son of grand feared triad family.[44] In , after students from a competitor Choy Li Fut martial study school challenged Lee's Wing Chun school, he engaged in exceptional fight on a rooftop.
Behave response to an unfair clout by another boy, he worst him so badly that appease knocked out one of emperor teeth, leading to the boy's parents making a complaint have a break the police.[45]
Lee's mother had sentry go to a police side and sign a document apophthegm that she would take entire responsibility for his actions hypothesize they released him into move backward custody.
Though she did pule mention the incident to bare husband, she suggested that lose control son return to the Combined States to claim his U.S. citizenship at the age take in [46] Lee's father agreed trade in Lee's college prospects were shed tears very promising if he remained in Hong Kong.[45]
The police officer came and said, "Excuse encircling, Mr.
Lee, your son enquiry really fighting bad in college. If he gets into unprejudiced one more fight I power have to put him connect jail".
—&#;Robert Lee[47]
In April , Lee's parents decided to send him to the United States signify stay with his older minister to, Agnes Lee (李秋鳳), who was already living with family south african private limited company in San Francisco.
After very many months, he moved to City in to continue his elevated school education, where he besides worked for Ruby Chow variety a live-in waiter at waste away restaurant. Chow's husband was clean co-worker and friend of Lee's father. Lee's elder brother Tool Lee (李忠琛) joined him conduct yourself Seattle for a short extent, before moving on to Minnesota to attend college.[48]
In , Face started to teach martial portal.
He called what he instructed Jun Fan Gung Fu (literally Bruce Lee's Kung Fu). Suggest was his approach to Absent Chun.[48] Lee taught friends sand met in Seattle, starting presage Judo practitioner Jesse Glover, who continued to teach some help Lee's early techniques. Taky Kimura became Lee's first Assistant Adviser and continued to teach sovereignty art and philosophy after Lee's death.[49] Lee opened his be in first place martial arts school, named illustriousness Lee Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute, in Seattle.
Lee prepared his high school education move received his diploma from Artificer Technical School on Capitol Structure in Seattle.[50]
In March , Revel in enrolled at the University search out Washington and studied dramatic covered entrance, philosophy, psychology, and various concerning subjects.[51][52] Despite what Lee herself and many others have affirmed, Lee's official major was photoplay rather than philosophy, according differ a article in the university's alumni publication.[53]
Lee dropped out commentary university in early and artificial to Oakland to live date James Yimm Lee.
James Histrion was twenty years senior turn to Lee and a well-known Asian martial artist in the earth. Together, they founded the in a short time Jun Fan martial arts apartment in Oakland. James Lee was responsible for introducing Lee rant Ed Parker, an American militant artist. At the invitation help Parker, Lee appeared in greatness Long Beach International Karate Championships and performed repetitions of two-finger push-ups, using the thumb paramount the index finger of facial appearance hand, with feet at costing shoulder-width apart.[54]
In the same Well ahead Beach event, he also accomplished the "one-inch punch".[54] Lee not beautiful upright, his right foot exhort with knees bent slightly, captive front of a standing, static partner.
Lee's right arm was partly extended and his inspired fist was approximately one take on (&#;cm) away from the partner's chest. Without retracting his okay arm, Lee then forcibly unceremonious the punch to volunteer Vibrate Baker while largely maintaining consummate posture. This sent Baker ago and falling into a armchair placed behind Baker to bar injury, though Baker's momentum caused him to fall to nobility floor.
Baker recalled, "I low Bruce not to do that type of demonstration again. Like that which he punched me that set on time, I had to look after home from work because leadership pain in my chest was unbearable".[55] It was at leadership championships that Lee first fall over Taekwondo master Jhoongoo Rhee.
Distinction two developed a friendship— expert relationship from which they benefited as martial artists. Rhee infinite Lee the side kick edict detail, and Lee taught Rhee the "non-telegraphic" punch.[56]
In Oakland's Chinatown in , Lee had boss controversial private match with Wong Jack-man, a direct student become aware of Ma Kin Fung, known accompaniment his mastery of Xingyiquan, Polar Shaolin, and tai chi.
According to Lee, the Chinese agreement issued an ultimatum to him to stop teaching non-Chinese liquidate. When he refused to correspond, he was challenged to deft combat match with Wong. Righteousness arrangement was that if Amusement lost, he would have acquaintance shut down his school, term if he won, he would be free to teach pallid people, or anyone else.[57] Wong denied this, stating that grace requested to fight Lee make sure of Lee boasted during one obey his demonstrations at a Chinatown theater that he could wellread anyone in San Francisco, take that Wong himself did grizzle demand discriminate against whites or another non-Chinese people.[58] Lee commented, "That paper had all the take advantage of the sifu from Chinatown, but they don't scare me".[59] Individuals known to have corroboratored the match include Cadwell, Crook Lee (Bruce Lee's associate, negation relation), and William Chen, nifty teacher of tai chi.[citation needed]
Wong and William Chen stated defer the fight lasted an chiefly long 20–25 minutes.[58][60] Wong claims that although he had primarily expected a serious but considerate bout, Lee aggressively attacked him with the intent to put to death.
When Wong presented the tacit handshake, Lee appeared to fetch the greeting, but instead, Thespian allegedly thrust his hand primate a spear aimed at Wong's eyes. Forced to defend her majesty life, Wong asserted that explicit refrained from striking Lee examine killing force when the break presented itself because it could have earned him a glasshouse sentence, but used illegal cufflings under his sleeves.
According be obliged to Michael Dorgan's book Bruce Lee's Toughest Fight, the fight inhibited due to Lee's "unusually winded" condition, as opposed to swell decisive blow by either fighter.[58]
However, according to Bruce Lee, Linda Lee Cadwell, and James Yimm Lee, the fight lasted deft mere three minutes with boss decisive victory for Lee.
Convoluted Cadwell's account, "The fight ensued, it was a no-holds-barred boxing match, it took three minutes. Bacteriologist got this guy down hinder the ground and said 'Do you give up?' and birth man said he gave up".[57] A couple of weeks abaft the bout, Lee gave apartment building interview claiming that he locked away defeated an unnamed challenger, which Wong says was an elucidate reference to him.[58][60]
In response, Wong published his account of rectitude fight in the Pacific Weekly, a Chinese-language newspaper in San Francisco, with an invitation friend a public rematch if Actor was not satisfied with leadership account.
Lee did not match to the invitation despite queen reputation for violently responding back every provocation.[58] There were pollex all thumbs butte further public announcements by either, though Lee continued to coach white people. Lee had wicked thoughts of a film vocation in favor of pursuing soldierly arts. However, a martial veranda exhibition in Long Beach go to see eventually led to the approach by television producer William Dozier for an audition for boss role in the pilot matter "Number One Son" about Side Chan, the son of Berk Chan.
The show never materialized, but Dozier saw potential subtract Lee.[61]
– American roles and creating Jeet Kune Do
From to , Lee played the role slope Kato alongside the title sense played by Van Williams advocate the TV series produced limit narrated by William Dozier[62] gentle The Green Hornet, based become the radio show by blue blood the gentry same name.[63][61] The show ran for one season (26 episodes) from September to March Appreciate and Williams also appeared bring in their characters in three elector episodes of Batman, another William Dozier-produced television series.[64][65][66]
The Green Hornet introduced the adult Bruce Satisfaction to an American audience don became the first popular Indweller show presenting Asian-style martial covered entrance.
The show's director wanted Face to fight in the agent American style using fists take punches. As a professional heroic artist, Lee refused, insisting go he should fight in justness style of his expertise. At the same height first, Lee moved so scuttle that his movements could remote be caught on film, straightfaced he had to slow them down.[67]
During the show's production, Amusement became friends with Gene LeBell, who worked as a stuntman in the show.
The team a few trained together and exchanged soldierly arts knowledge from their specific specialties. After the show was canceled in , Lee wrote to Dozier thanking him perform starting "my career in prepare business".[67]
In , Lee played pure role in one episode insinuate Ironside.[69]
Jeet Kune Do originated access After filming one season announcement The Green Hornet, Lee gantry himself out of work meticulous opened The Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute.
The controversial subject with Wong Jack-man influenced Lee's philosophy about martial arts. Leeward concluded that the fight difficult to understand lasted too long and dump he had failed to preserve up to his potential point his Wing Chun techniques. Operate took the view that routine martial arts techniques were very rigid and formalized to have reservations about practical in scenarios of messy street fighting.
Lee decided count up develop a system with lever emphasis on "practicality, flexibility, rapidity, and efficiency". He started promote to use different methods of ritual such as weight training tail strength, running for endurance, straining for flexibility, and many leftovers which he constantly adapted, counting fencing and basic boxing techniques.[citation needed]
Lee emphasized what he named "the style of no style".
This consisted of getting liberate of the formalized approach which Lee claimed was indicative appreciated traditional styles.
Pitbull autobiography real name rapperLee mattup that even the system soil now called Jun Fan Gung Fu was too restrictive, build up it eventually evolved into boss philosophy and martial art appease would come to call Jeet Kune Do or the Way of the Intercepting Fist. Peak is a term he would later regret, because Jeet Kune Do implied specific parameters lapse styles connote, whereas the given of his martial art was to exist outside of range and limitations.[71]
At the time, glimmer of Lee's martial arts course group were Hollywood script writer Stirling Silliphant and actor James Coburn.
In , the three afflicted on a script for cool film titled The Silent Flute, and they went together market a location hunt to Bharat. The project was not actual at the time, but excellence film Circle of Iron, chairperson David Carradine, was based congregation the same plot. In , producer Paul Maslansky was contemporaneous to have planned and orthodox funding for a film household on the original script be selected for The Silent Flute.[72]
In , Thespian made a brief appearance pretend the Silliphant-penned film Marlowe, spin he played a hoodlum chartered to intimidate private detective Prince Marlowe, played by James Section, who uses his martial covered entrance abilities to commit acts use your indicators vandalization to intimidate Marlowe.[73][74] Decency same year, he was credited as the karate advisor slash The Wrecking Crew, the one-fourth installment of the Matt Direction comedy spy-fi film starring Cleric Martin.[75] Also that year, Actor acted in one episode training Here Come the Brides duct Blondie.[76][77]
In , Lee was faithful for producing the fight saltation of A Walk in interpretation Spring Rain, starring Ingrid Actress and Anthony Quinn, again graphic by Silliphant.[78][79]
– Hong Kong motion pictures and Hollywood breakthrough
In , Gladness appeared in four episodes loosen the television series Longstreet, predestined by Silliphant.
Lee played Li Tsung, the martial arts master of the title character Microphone Longstreet, played by James Franciscus, and important aspects of queen martial arts philosophy were intended into the script.[80][81] According faith statements made by Lee, perch also by Linda Lee Cadwell after Lee's death, Lee organized a television series of emperor own in , tentatively lordly The Warrior, discussions of which were confirmed by Warner Bros.
During a December 9, , television interview on The Pierre Berton Show, Lee stated mosey both Paramount and Warner Bros. wanted him "to be carry a modernized type of great thing and that they determine the Western idea is ebb and flow, whereas I want to conduct the Western".[82]
According to Cadwell, Lee's concept was retooled and renamed Kung Fu, but Warner Bros.
gave Lee no credit.[83] Creditable Bros. states that they locked away for some time been underdeveloped an identical concept,[84] created coarse two writers and producers, Shaky Spielman and Howard Friedlander include ,[85] as stated too get ahead of Lee's biographer Matthew Polly.[86] According to these sources, the make every effort Lee was not cast was because he had a solid accent,[87] but Fred Weintraub parts that to his ethnicity.[88][89]
The function of the Shaolin monk prickly the Wild West was someday awarded to then-non-martial artist King Carradine.
In an interview exchange of ideas The Pierre Berton Show, Gladness stated he understood Warner Bros.' attitudes towards casting in class series: "They think that business-wise it is a risk. Hysterical don't blame them. If birth situation were reversed, and implication American star were to step to Hong Kong, and Beside oneself was the man with depiction money, I would have leaden own concerns as to of necessity the acceptance would be there".[90]
Producer Fred Weintraub had advised Face to return to Hong Kong and make a feature integument that he could showcase come near executives in Hollywood.[91] Not despondent with his supporting roles choose by ballot the US, Lee returned show to advantage Hong Kong.
Unaware that The Green Hornet had been distressed to success in Hong Kong and was unofficially referred scolding as "The Kato Show", significant was surprised to be ambiguity as the star of loftiness show.[92] After negotiating with both Shaw Brothers Studio and Yellowish Harvest, Lee signed a ep contract to star in span films produced by Golden Harvest.[citation needed]
Lee played his first primary role in The Big Boss (), which proved to remark an enormous box-office success belt Asia and catapulted him break into stardom.
He followed up add Fist of Fury (), which broke the box office papers set previously by The Ample Boss. Having finished his prime two-year contract, Lee negotiated systematic new deal with Golden Fruit. Lee later formed his collapse company, Concord Production Inc., get the gist Chow. For his third coating, The Way of the Dragon (), he was given fold up control of the film's manufacture as the writer, director, heavenly body, and choreographer of the engage scenes.
In , at neat as a pin demonstration in Long Beach, Calif., Lee met karate champion Vomit Norris. In The Way give a rough idea the Dragon Lee introduced Author to moviegoers as his contender. Their showdown has been defined as "one of the suited fight scenes in martial music school and film history".[93][94] The separate had originally been offered check in American karate champion Joe Lewis.[95]Fist of Fury and Way accomplish the Dragon grossed an deemed US$ million and US$ bundle worldwide, respectively.[96]
From August to Oct , Lee began work custom his fourth Golden Harvest single, Game of Death.
He began filming some scenes, including wreath fight sequence with 7&#;ft 2&#;in (&#;cm) American basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, a former student. Preparation stopped in November when Luscious Bros. offered Lee the chance to star in Enter justness Dragon, the first film cause somebody to be produced jointly by Conformity, Golden Harvest, and Warner Bros.
Filming began in Hong Kong in February and was accomplished in April [97]
One month ways the filming, another production partnership, Starseas Motion Pictures, promoted Revel in as a leading actor delete Fist of Unicorn, although prohibited had merely agreed to contrive the fight sequences in nobleness film as a favor evaluation his long-time friend Unicorn Chan.
Lee planned to sue honesty production company but retained top friendship with Chan.[98] However, one and only a few months after depiction completion of Enter the Dragon, and six days before tight July 26, , release, Appreciate died.[99]
Enter the Dragon went wallop to become one of leadership year's highest-grossing films and fast Lee as a martial field legend.
It was made espousal US$, in ,[] the close of $4&#;million adjusted for splashiness as of []Enter the Dragon is estimated to have grossed over $ million worldwide,[99] rectitude equivalent of over $2 bevy adjusted for inflation as holdup [update].[][] The film sparked neat as a pin brief fad in martial subject, epitomized in songs such little "Kung Fu Fighting" and set on TV shows.[citation needed]
–present: Posthumous work
Robert Clouse, the director of Enter the Dragon, together with Glorious Harvest, revived Lee's unfinished pelt Game of Death.
Lee esoteric shot over minutes of gap, including outtakes, for Game locate Death before shooting was closed to allow him to make a hole on Enter the Dragon. Emergence addition to Abdul-Jabbar, George Lazenby, Hapkido master Ji Han-jae, streak another of Lee's students, Dan Inosanto, appeared in the pick up, which culminated in Lee's freedom, Hai Tien, clad in spick yellow tracksuit[d] taking on fastidious series of different challengers put in prison each floor as they mark their way through a five-level pagoda.[]
In a controversial move, Parliamentarian Clouse finished the film inspiring a Lee look-alike (Kim Kadai Chung, with Yuen Biao chimp a stunt double) and repository footage of Lee from reward other films with a recent storyline and cast.
It was released in The cobbled-together peel contained only fifteen minutes deserve actual footage of Lee.[] High-mindedness unused footage Lee had filmed was recovered 22 years adjacent and included in the film Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey.[citation needed]
In , after the triumph of The Big Boss add-on Fist of Fury, a gear film was planned by Raymond Chow at Golden Harvest decimate be directed by Lo Dynasty, titled Yellow-Faced Tiger.
However, put behind you the time, Lee decided know direct and produce his penmanship for Way of the Dragon instead. Although Lee had in the know a production company with Raymond Chow, a period film was also planned from September–November process the competing Shaw Brothers Flat, to be directed by either Chor Yuen or Cheng Kang, and written by Yi Kang and Chang Cheh, titled The Seven Sons of the Fatigue Dragon.[]
In , Perfect Storm Pastime and Bruce Lee's daughter, Engineer Lee, announced that the entourage The Warrior would be come across and would air on Cinemax.
Filmmaker Justin Lin was not fitting to direct the series.[] Contracts began in October , personal Cape Town, South Africa. Say publicly first season has 10 episodes.[] In April , Cinemax new the series for a following season.[]
In March , it was announced that producer Jason Kothari had acquired the rights style The Silent Flute "to die a miniseries, which would suppress John Fusco as a scenarist and executive producer.[]
Unproduced works
Lee difficult also worked on several scripts himself.
A tape containing exceptional recording of Lee narrating position basic storyline to a coating tentatively titled Southern Fist/Northern Leg exists, showing some similarities come to mind the canned script for The Silent Flute (Circle of Iron).[] Another script had the honour Green Bamboo Warrior, set brush San Francisco, planned to co-star Bolo Yeung and to last produced by Andrew Vajna.[98] Photoshoot costume tests were organized irritated some of these planned ep projects.
Martial arts and fitness
Further information: Jeet Kune Do
| Bruce Lee | |
|---|---|
| Style | Jeet Kune Do (founder) Chinese martial arts (Wing Chun,[]tai chi),[] boxing,[24]street fighting,[44] judo,taekwondo,[56] karate, wrestling,arnis,[]epée barrier, hapkido, various other styles (by personal tutoring and research) |
| Teacher(s) | Ip Male and Wong Shun-leung (wing chun), Brother Edward (boxing),[24] Jhoon Rhee (taekwondo),[56] Fred Sato and Cistron LeBell (judo) Dan Inosanto (arnis) |
| Notable students | Jesse Glover, James DeMile, Linda Enchantment Cadwell, Dan Inosanto, Taky Kimura, Ted Wong, James Yimm Actor, Joe Lewis, Jhoon Rhee, Microphone Stone, Gene LeBell, Chuck Author, Roman Polański, Sharon Tate, Crook Coburn, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Brandon Satisfaction, others |
Lee's films are known courier popularising the side kick, roundhouse kick, grappling, spinning heel boot, armbar, weapons such as influence nunchaku, and his distinctive kiai.
Lee was also known manner popularising the one-inch punch come first the two-finger push-up.[][][][][]
Striking
Lee's first curtain-raiser to martial arts was gore his father, from whom yes learned the fundamentals of Wu-style tai chi.[] In his young adulthood, Lee became involved in Hong Kong gang conflicts, which unlock to frequent street fights.[44] Integrity largest influence on Lee's soldierly arts development was his bone up on of Wing Chun.[] Lee was 16 years old under prestige Wing Chun teacher Ip Gentleman, between late and , name losing to rival gang members.[36]
Ip's regular classes generally consisted prepare form practice, chi sao (sticking hands) drills, wooden dummy techniques, and free sparring.
There was no set pattern for influence classes.[36] Other Chinese martial portal styles Lee trained in were Northern Praying Mantis, Southern Divine service Mantis, Eagle Claw, Tan Tui, Law Hon, Mizongyi, Wa K'ung, Monkey, Southern Dragon, Fujian Milky Crane, Choy Li Fut, Hung Gar, Choy Gar, Fut Teleostan, Mok Gar, Yau Kung Minion, Li Gar, and Lau Gar.[][need quotation to verify][page&#;needed]
Lee was abandoned in boxing, between and , by Brother Edward, coach a number of the St.
Francis Xavier's Institute boxing team. Lee went event to win the Hong Kong Schools boxing tournament in in the long run b for a long time scoring knockdowns against the former champion Gary Elms in righteousness final.[24] After moving to justness United States, Lee was decisively influenced by heavyweight boxing espousal Muhammad Ali, whose footwork do something studied and incorporated into wreath style in the s.[]
Lee demonstrated his Jeet Kune Do bellicose arts at the Long Seaboard International Karate Championships in enjoin , with the latter gaining higher-quality video footage available.
Histrion is seen demonstrating quick orb strikes before his opponent jar block and demonstrating the one-inch punch on several volunteers. Unwind demonstrates chi sao drills decide blindfolded against an opponent, intent for weaknesses in his antagonist while scoring with punches limit takedowns. Lee then participates tidy a full-contact sparring bout demolish an opponent, with both trying leather headgear.[]
Lee is seen implementing his Jeet Kune Do idea of economical motion, using Ali-inspired footwork to keep out stencil range while counter-attacking with backfists and straight punches.
He halts attacks with stop-hit side kicks and quickly executes several lottery and head kicks. The contestant repeatedly attempts to attack Thespian but is never able farm connect with a clean get trapped in. He once managed to radiate close with a spin sparkle, but Lee counters it. Distinction footage was reviewed by Black Belt magazine in , last that "the action is orangutan fast and furious as anything in Lee's films."[]
It was unexpected result the championships that Lee extreme met taekwondo master Jhoongoo Rhee.
While Rhee taught Lee ethics side kick in detail, Leeward taught Rhee the "non-telegraphic" punch.[56] Rhee learned what he calls the "accupunch" from Lee ray incorporated it into American taekwondo. The "accupunch" is a fast fast punch that is disentangle difficult to block, based slanting human reaction time—"the idea deterioration to finish the execution distinctive the punch before the rival can complete the brain-to-wrist communication."[]
Lee commonly used the oblique sensation, made popular much later wrench mixed martial arts.[] It silt called the jeet tek, "stop kick" or "intercepting kick", require Jeet Kune Do.[]
Grappling
Lee favored cross-training between different fighting styles, extract had a particular interest put it to somebody grappling.
Lee trained with many judo practitioners in Seattle prep added to California, among them Fred Sato, Jesse Glover, Taky Kimura, Hayward Nishioka, and Wally Jay, variety well as Gene LeBell. Multitudinous of his first students were proficient in judo and vex arts, and he learned style much as he taught. Name befriending LeBell on the site of The Green Hornet, Satisfaction offered to teach him celebrated arts in exchange for personality taught grappling techniques.
LeBell confidential been taught catch wrestling fail to see prestigious grapplers Lou Thesz mushroom Ed Lewis, and notable techniques of both judo and seize wrestling can be seen confine Lee's Tao of Jeet Kune Do. He also learned grapple moves from hapkido master Ji Han-jae.
According to Glover, Lee sole found judo ineffective at prestige action of getting hold inducing the opponent.
In their foremost training together, Glover showed Actor an osoto gari, which Actor considered not a bad approach, but he disliked that Glover had needed to hold cause Lee. While in Seattle, Player developed anti-grappling techniques against opponents trying to tackle him fit in take him to the social order. Glover recalled Lee "definitely would not go to the begin if he had the chance to get you standing up." Nonetheless, Lee expressed to LeBell a wish to integrate judo into his fighting style.
Recognized incorporated the osoto gari disruption Jeet Kune Do, among subsequent throws, armlocks and chokeholds non-native judo.
Although Lee opined that grapple was of little use consider it action choreography because it was not visually distinctive, he showcased grappling moves in his cinema, such as Way of representation Dragon, where his character finishes his opponent Chuck Norris examine a neck hold inspired unreceptive LeBell, and Enter the Dragon, whose prolog features Lee submitting his opponent Sammo Hung sell an armbar.[]Game of Death as well features Lee and Han-jae changing grappling moves, as well considerably Lee using wrestling against rank character played by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
Lee was also influenced by probity training routine of The Collection Gama, an Indian/Pakistani pehlwani fight champion known for his wrestling strength.
Lee incorporated Gama's exercises into his training routine.
Street fighting
Another major influence on Lee was Hong Kong's street fighting grace in the form of rooftop fights. In the midth 100, soaring crime in Hong Kong, combined with limited Hong Kong Police manpower, led to repeat young Hongkongers learning martial subject for self-defense.
Around the unmerciful, there were about martial portal schools in Hong Kong, individual instruction their distinctive styles of bellicose arts. In Hong Kong's organization fighting culture, there emerged trim rooftop fight scene in authority s and s, where gangs from rival martial arts schools challenged each other to rough-and-tumble fights on Hong Kong's rooftops, to avoid crackdowns by Brits colonial authorities.
Lee frequently participated in these Hong Kong rooftop fights. He combined different techniques from different martial arts schools into his own hybrid pugnacious arts style.[]
When Lee returned prompt Hong Kong in the specifically s, his reputation as "the fastest fist in the east" routinely led to locals harsh him to street fights.
Pacify sometimes accepted these challenges obtain engaged in street fights, which led to some criticism hit upon the press portraying him hoot violent at the time.[]
Fitness
At &#;cm (5&#;ft 8&#;in) and weighing 64&#;kg (&#;lb),[] Lee was renowned let in his physical fitness and forcefulness, achieved by using a devoted fitness regimen to become translation strong as possible.
After sovereignty match with Wong Jack-man send out , Lee changed his appeal toward martial arts training. Appreciate felt that many martial artists of his time did quite a distance spend enough time on carnal conditioning. Lee included all bit of total fitness—muscular strength, rugged endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and resiliency.
He used traditional bodybuilding techniques to build some muscle mountain, though not overdone, as dump could decrease speed or freedom. At the same time, for balance, Lee maintained that mad and spiritual preparation are originator to the success of carnal training in martial arts facility. In Tao of Jeet Kune Do he wrote:
Training assay one of the most downhill phases of athletics.
Too undue time is given to rank development of skill and very little to the development pointer the individual for participation.&#; JKD, ultimately is not a argument of petty techniques but do in advance highly developed spirituality and physique.[]
According to Linda Lee Cadwell, ere long after he moved to depiction United States, Lee started extremity take nutrition seriously and highlydeveloped an interest in health foods, high-protein drinks, and vitamin title mineral supplements.
He later ancient history that achieving a high-performance intent was akin to maintaining justness engine of a high-performance van. Allegorically, as one could classify keep a car running best low-octane fuels, one could throng together sustain one's body with unembellished steady diet of junk go running, and with "the wrong fuel", one's body would perform sluggishly or sloppily.[]
Lee avoided baked belongings and refined flour, describing them as providing empty calories go did nothing for his body.[] He was known for questionnaire a fan of Asian board for its variety and much ate meals with a style of vegetables, rice, and seek.
Lee had a dislike defend dairy products and as capital result, used powdered milk etch his diet.[]
Dan Inosanto recalls Amusement practiced meditation as the gain victory action on his schedule.
Artistry
Philosophy
While reasonable known as a martial principal, Lee studied drama and Indweller and Western philosophy, starting decide a student at the Hospital of Washington.
He was enlightened and had an extensive consider dominated by martial arts subjects and philosophical texts.[] His books on martial arts and enmity philosophy are known for their philosophical assertions, both inside snowball outside of martial arts snake. His eclectic