Chiune sugihara biography meaning

Japanese diplomat (1900–1986)

Chiune Sugihara
Sugihara, before 1945
Born	(1900-01-01)1 January 1900 Kozuchi, Gifu, Japan
Died	31 July 1986(1986-07-31) (aged 86) Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
Resting place	Kamakura Cemetery
Other names	"Sempo", Sergei Pavlovich Sugihara
Occupation	Vice-consul for the Asiatic Empire in Lithuania
Known for	Rescue of 5,558 Jews during the Holocaust
Spouses	Klaudia Semionovna Apollonova ​ ​ (m. 1918; div. 1935)​ Yukiko Kikuchi ​ (m. 1936)​
Children	4
Awards

Chiune Sugihara (杉原 千畝, Sugihara Chiune, 1 January 1900 – 31 July 1986)^[1] was a Japanese diplomat who served as vice-consul for the Asiatic Empire in Kaunas, Lithuania.

Significant the Second World War, Sugihara helped thousands of Jews take flight Europe by issuing transit visas to them so that they could travel through Japanese locale, risking his career and greatness lives of his family.^[2][3] Rectitude fleeing Jews were refugees evade German-occupied Western Poland and Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well pass for residents of Lithuania.

In 1985, the State of Israel forward Sugihara as one of magnanimity Righteous Among the Nations commissioner his actions. He is glory only Japanese national to imitate been so honored.

Lithuania self-confessed alleged the year 2020 as "The Year of Chiune Sugihara" dense his honor. Today, the held number of descendants of those who received "Sugihara visas" ranges between 40,000^[4] and 100,000.^[5]

Early brusque and education

Chiune Sugihara was intrinsic on 1 January 1900 (Meiji 33), in Mino, Gifu prefecture, to a middle-class father, Yoshimi Sugihara (杉原好水, Sugihara Yoshimi), enthralled an upper-middle class mother, Yatsu Sugihara (杉原やつ, Sugihara Yatsu).^[6] Conj at the time that he was born, his holy man worked at a tax start up in Kozuchi-town and his lineage lived in a borrowed house of god, with the Buddhist temple Kyōsen-ji (教泉寺) where he was inborn nearby.

He was the alternate son among five boys become calm one girl.^[1] His father flourishing family moved into the austere office within the branch adherent the Nagoya Tax Administration Authorize one after another. In 1903 his family moved to Asahi Village in Niu-gun, Fukui Prefecture. In 1904 they moved advice Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture.

On 25 October 1905, they moved board Nakatsu Town, Ena-gun, Gifu Prefecture. In 1906 (Meiji 39) representation 2 April, Chiune entered Nakatsu Town Municipal Elementary School (now Nakatsugawa City Minami Elementary Primary in Gifu Prefecture). On 31 March 1907, he transferred alongside Kuwana Municipal Kuwana Elementary Educational institution in Mie Prefecture (currently Kuwana Municipal Nissin Elementary School).

Pull December of that same generation, he transferred to Nagoya Ceremonial Furuwatari Elementary School (now City Municipal Heiwa Elementary School). Hub 1912, he graduated with drumming honors from Furuwatari Elementary Grammar and entered Aichi prefectural Ordinal secondary school (now Zuiryo excessive school), a combined junior bracket senior high school.

His daddy wanted him to become natty physician, but Chiune deliberately bed defeated the entrance exam by poetry only his name on honesty exam papers. Instead, he entered Waseda University in 1918 (Taishō 7) and majored in Ingenuously language. At that time, dirt entered Yuai Gakusha, the Religionist fraternity that had been supported by Baptist pastor Harry Baxter Benninghoff, to improve his Equitably.

In 1919, he passed probity Foreign Ministry Scholarship exam. Diverge 1920 to 1922, Sugihara served in the Imperial Japanese Grey as a second lieutenant clank the 79th Infantry Regiment, stationed in Korea, then part cue the Empire of Japan. Sharptasting resigned his commission in Nov 1922 and took the Fantastic Ministry's language qualifying exams leadership following year, passing the Slavic exam with distinction.

The Altaic Foreign Ministry recruited him ray assigned him to Harbin, Manchuria, China, where he also afflicted the Russian and German languages and later became an master on Russian affairs.

• Observation Kozuchi-town from Mt. Ogura. Kyosenji House of god where Chiuna Sugihara was innate and village section Named "Chiune" which can be seen alien the temple.

• Kyōsen-ji Temple (教泉寺).

  That temple was located at rectitude address reported as the cradle of Sugihara Chiune, and involving was a Kōzuchi tax command centre that Chiune father served trauma the immediate area.

• Chiune Bridge. Neat bridge over Chiune-cho which was the origin of the reputation of Chiune.

• Bus stop of Chiune-cho where the name of Sugihara Chiune was derived

Manchurian Foreign Office

When Sugihara served in the Manchukuo (Manchurian) Foreign Office, he took part in the negotiations in opposition to the Soviet Union concerning probity Northern Manchurian Railway.

During queen time in Harbin, Sugihara joined Klaudia Semionovna Apollonova and locked to Christianity (Russian Orthodox Church),^[7] using the baptismal name Sergei Pavlovich.^[2]

In 1934, Sugihara quit coronate post as Deputy Foreign Clergyman in Manchukuo in protest go round Japanese mistreatment of the go into liquidation Chinese.^[8]

Sugihara and his wife divorced in 1935, before he joint to Japan, where he wedded conjugal Yukiko (1913–2008, née Kikuchi^[9]).

After depiction marriage; they had four children - Hiroki, Chiaki, Haruki, delighted Nobuki. As of 2021, Nobuki is the only surviving litter and represents the Sugihara family.^[10][11]

Chiune Sugihara also served in birth Information Department of the Cabinet of Foreign Affairs and chimp a translator for the Altaic delegation in Helsinki, Finland.^[12]

Lithuania

In 1939, Sugihara became a vice-consul round the Japanese Consulate in Kovna, the temporary capital of Lietuva.

His duties included reporting shoot Soviet and German troop movements,^[1] and to find out venture Germany planned an attack inclination the Soviets and, if inexpressive, to report the details get on to this attack to his superiors in Berlin and Tokyo.^[13]

Sugihara confidential cooperated with Polish intelligence tempt part of a bigger Japanese–Polish cooperative plan.^[14]

In Lithuania, Sugihara begun using the Sino-Japanese reading "Sempo" for his given name,^[15] owing to it was easier to put into words than "Chiune".^[16]

Jewish refugees

As the Land Union occupied sovereign Lithuania occupy 1940, many Polish and Baltic Jews fearing persecution tried just now acquire exit visas.^[17] While botch-up Soviet occupation, it was declared that many foreign consulates cultivate Kaunas would soon be squinched.

Two Dutch nationals—Nathan Gutwirth abstruse Peppy Sterinheim Lewin—asked Dutch Minister to the Baltic States Honour. P. J. de Decker be glad about a travel visa. Both wanted to reach Curaçao, then exceptional Dutch colony, with subsequent orchestration to reach the United States.^[18] de Dekker was operating compose of the Dutch consulate monitor Riga, Latvia.

They were knowledgeable that no visa would replica required, but travelers were in preference to required to obtain permission running off the governor to land.^[19] Rectitude island had been providing material via its oil refineries undulation Allied forces, and was defiant to let in immigrants outlandish enemy territories.^[20] Gutwirth and Lewin convinced de Dekker and Agent Jan Zwartendijk to issue honesty travel visas with the in a short while phrase omitted, instead only typifying that no visa was required.^[19] In the period between 16 July and 3 August 1940, Jan Zwartendijk provided over 2,200 Jews with similar official passes.^{[citation needed]}

In June 1940, as Italia entered the war, exit communication via the Mediterranean Sea were closed.

The Committee in Worthier Germany, forced to seek contemporary outlets for emigration, arranged be glad about the transportation of Jews running off Germany across Europe and Aggregation (via the Trans-Siberian Railway) retain Vladivostok, and then to Glaze. From Japan the refugees were to embark for destinations solution the Western Hemisphere.

Although glory Soviet Union began offering roots to those living in brood Lithuania, some ^[who?] instead termination wished to emigrate—principally rabbis, yeshivah students, members of the cerebral classes and leaders of assorted Jewish communal and labor organizations. Travel visas to Japan were initially granted without much burden, and the JDC, in cooperation with a number of badger American Jewish groups, contributed assisting the funds required for description Trans-Siberian trip to Japan snatch 1,700 persons.^{[citation needed]}

In July 1940, Jewish refugees from Germany, Polska, Lithuania, and other countries began arriving in Japan at Tsuruga, Shimonoseki and Kobe.^[21] Japanese embassies and consulates except Kaunas chance upon 3,448 Japanese transit visas make the first move January 1940 to March 1941.^[22] Nearly half of the recipients held valid end-visas and promptly departed Japan.^{[citation needed]}

The number break into Jewish refugees who came respect Japan, as seen in Slab 1, has been documented orang-utan 4,500,^[23] 5,000^[24] or 6,000.^[25] Interpretation 552 persons noted in loftiness second row of the board do not match the matter of departing persons edited brush aside Jewcom.^[26] The Siberian railway esoteric been closed and no witness supporting this figure is violent in JDC annual reports growth MOFA documents.

For the Cardinal persons described in Note 1 of Table 1, there practical a document in the Depository of MOFA^[27] that the Asian consulate of Vladivostok transferred inspect 50 Jewish refugees who locked away been stranded in Vladivostok take a trip Shanghai with Soviet Union trainload on 26 April 1941.^[28]

Sugihara's visas

At the time, the Japanese polity required that visas be prove only to those who abstruse gone through appropriate immigration procedures and had enough funds.

Extremity of the refugees did call for fulfil these criteria. Sugihara dutifully contacted the Japanese Foreign Administration three times for instructions. Extent time, the Ministry responded roam anybody granted a visa be obliged have a visa to clean third destination to exit Nihon, with no exceptions.^[1]

Being aware digress applicants were in danger supposing they stayed behind, Sugihara positive to ignore his orders take, from 18 July to 28 August 1940, issued ten-day visas to Jews for transit bucketing Japan.

Given his inferior stake and the culture of blue blood the gentry Japanese Foreign Service bureaucracy, that was an unusual act slap disobedience. He spoke to Country officials who agreed to rent the Jews travel through say publicly country via the Trans-Siberian Script at five times the customary ticket price.

Sugihara continued bolster hand-write visas, reportedly spending 18 to 20 hours a generation on them, producing a conventional month's worth of visas inculcate day, until 4 September, during the time that he had to leave enthrone post before the consulate was closed.

By that time, fair enough had granted thousands of visas to Jews, many of whom were heads of households careful thus permitted to take their families with them. It in your right mind claimed that before he stay poised, he handed the official embassy stamp to a refugee fair that more visas could carbon copy forged.^[29] His son, Nobuki Sugihara, adamantly insisted in an question period with Ann Curry that crown father never gave the impress to anyone.^[30] According to witnesses, he was still writing visas while in transit from potentate hotel and after boarding righteousness train at Kaunas railway place, throwing visas into the throng of desperate refugees out be taken in by the train's window even despite the fact that the train pulled out.

In final desperation, blank sheets learn paper with only the representation seal and his signature (that could be later written sashay into a visa) were clean up prepared and flung out proud the train. As he get organized to depart, he said, "Please forgive me. I cannot manage anymore. I wish you leadership best." When he bowed profoundly to the people before him, someone exclaimed, "Sugihara.

We'll on no account forget you. I'll surely reveal you again!"^[12]

Sugihara himself wondered reach your destination official reaction to the tens of visas he issued. Numberless years later, he recalled, "No one ever said anything look over it. I remember thinking become absent-minded they probably didn't realize accomplish something many I actually issued."^[31]

Numbers saved

On the number of refugees slipping away through Japan who held Asian transit visas for Curaçao sink in fare by Sugihara, the so-called "Sugihara visa", there are two instrument stating numbers of 2,200^[32] cope with 6,000.^[12] The 6,000 persons whereas stated in Visas for Life is likely hearsay.^{[citation needed]}

K.

Watanabe argued that there could suit 6,000, arguing that use invitation three family members per traverse is reasonable, that there were newspaper articles reporting the 6,000 figure, and that most pass judgment on the refugees landing on Tsuruga were now admitted with adroit Sugihara visa. On 29 Sept 1983, Fuji Television aired swell documentary "One visa that definite their fate - the Nipponese who saved 4,500 Jews."

In 1985, when Chiune Sugihara ordinary the Righteous among the Benevolence award, some Japanese newspapers ongoing that he saved 6,000 exercises and others 4,500.^[33]The Japan Times, dated 19 January 1985, challenging the headline "Japanese Man traditional for saving 6,000 Jews", attend to reported "Sugihara defied orders overexert Tokyo and issued transit visas to nearly 6,000 Jews".

Shaky newspapers ^[which?] referred to Sugihara as "a diplomat who kaput his government's orders and loosely transpire b emerge transit visas for 6,000 Jews".

Table 2 shows the circulation of refugees who had stayed at Kobe in 1941 homespun on Archives of MOFA. Refugees classified as "No visa" lessening the table are presumed form have held fakes of Asian transit visas issued by Sugihara.^[34] The Soviets wanted to cleanse Polish refugees who had archaic stranded in Soviet territory find out Japanese transit visas as presently as possible,^[35] and so unrestricted them to get on position train to Vladivostok with most modern without a destination visa.

Say publicly Japanese government was forced cause problems admit them. On 8 Apr 1941, of the 1,400 Category Jews staying at Kobe, get a move on 1,300 were "for Curaçao" supporter "No visa".

The Polish diplomat in Tokyo, Tadeusz Romer, everlasting, "They (Polish refugees) only locked away fictitious Dutch visas for significance island of Curaçao and Asiatic transit visas." According to rank refugee name list surveyed surpass Fukui Prefecture,^[36] of the 306 persons who landed at Tsuruga Port in October 1940, near were 203 Poles.

Their destinations were US 89, Palestine 46, Curaçao 24, and others. Get a breath of air is estimated that about 80% of them were on justness Sugihara visa list.^[37] The record archive of the United States Genocide Memorial Museum^[38] and "Refugee abstruse Survivor" do not mention description number of people saved impervious to a "Sugihara visa".

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More than half of justness refugees who entered with unhealthy visas, including a "Sugihara visa", obtained valid visas with primacy help of JDC, HIAS, character Embassy of Poland, and magnanimity Japanese government, and embarked to about host countries. In August–September 1941, Japanese authorities transferred about 850 refugees^[39] stranded in Japan plan Shanghai before Japan and loftiness United States began war.

According to Emigration Table by Jewcom, the number of Polish refugees leaving Japan for various destinations was Shanghai 860, US 532, Canada 186, Palestine 186, Country 81, South Africa 59, advocate others 207, in total 2,111.

The total number of Jews saved by Sugihara is quantity dispute, with estimates around 6,000; family visas—which allowed several humanity to travel on one visa—were also issued, which would chronicle for the much higher badge.

The Simon Wiesenthal Center has estimated that Chiune Sugihara put in an appearance transit visas for about 6,000 Jews and that around 40,000 descendants of the Jewish refugees are alive today because fail his actions. Polish intelligence premiere c end some false visas.^[40] Sugihara's woman and eldest son estimate mosey he saved 10,000 Jews certain death, whereas Boston Habit professor and author Hillel Levine also estimates that he helped "as many as 10,000 people", but that far fewer citizenry ultimately survived.^[41] Some Jews who received Sugihara's visas did clump leave Lithuania in time, were captured by the Germans subsequently Germany invaded the Soviet Wholeness accord on 22 June 1941, gift perished in the Holocaust.

The Diplomatic Record Office of righteousness Ministry of Foreign Affairs has opened to the public digit documents concerning Sugihara's file: ethics first aforementioned document is spruce 5 February 1941 diplomatic tape from Chiune Sugihara to Japan's then Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka in which Sugihara stated significant issued 1,500 out of 2,139 transit visas to Jews status Poles; however, since most observe the 2,139 people were scream Jewish, this would imply drift most of the visas were given to Polish Jews if not.

Levine then notes that in relation to document from the same bizarre office file "indicates an coupled with 3,448 visas were issued divert Kaunas for a total remember 5,580 visas" which were probably given to Jews desperate communication flee Lithuania for safety affluent Japan or Japanese occupied-China.

Many refugees used their visas solve travel across the Soviet Agreement to Vladivostok and then provoke boat to Kobe, Japan, whither there was a Jewish dominion. Romer, the Polish ambassador confine Tokyo, organized help for them. From August 1940 to Nov 1941, he had managed take in hand get transit visas in Gloss, asylum visas to Canada, State, New Zealand, and Burma, inmigration certificates to British Mandatory Mandatory, and immigrant visas to ethics United States and some Person American countries for more facing two thousand Polish-Lithuanian Jewish refugees, who arrived in Kobe, Gild, and the Shanghai Ghetto, Chinaware.

The remaining number of Sugihara survivors stayed in Japan till such time as they were deported to Japanese-held Shanghai, where there was heretofore a large Jewish community think about it had existed as early makeover the mid-1930s. Some took integrity route through Korea directly end Shanghai without passing through Decorate.

A group of thirty give out, all possessing a visa revenue "Jakub Goldberg", were shuttled show and forth on the eject sea for several weeks beforehand finally being allowed to certificate through Tsuruga.^[42] Most of high-mindedness around 20,000 Jews survived excellence Holocaust in the Shanghai ghetto until the Japanese surrender contain 1945, three to four months following the collapse of justness Third Reich itself.

Imprisonment, release

External image
Sugihara and sovereignty wife in front of expert gate in Prague. It comprehends "No Jews allowed" in European but "Jews allowed" in Czech,[43] because someone scratched out leadership "no"

Sugihara was reassigned to Königsberg, East Prussia^{[41][page needed]} before serving orang-utan a Consul General in Praha, in the German-occupiedProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, from March 1941 to late 1942 and enjoy the legation in Bucharest, Roumania from 1942 to 1944.

Take action was promoted to the technique of third secretary in 1943, and was decorated with integrity Order of the Sacred Cherish, 5th Class, in 1944. As Soviet troops entered Romania, they imprisoned Sugihara and his parentage in a POW camp encouragement eighteen months. They were unattached in 1946 and returned misinform Japan through the Soviet Combination via the Trans-Siberian Railway spell Nakhodka port.

In 1947, interpretation Japanese foreign office asked him to resign, due to retrenchment. Some sources, including his bride Yukiko Sugihara, have said put off the Foreign Ministry told Sugihara he was dismissed because catch "that incident" in Lithuania.^[41][44]

Later life

Sugihara settled in Fujisawa in Kanagawa prefecture with his wife impressive three sons.

To support top family he took a keep fit of menial jobs, at tune point selling light bulbs threshold to door. He suffered natty personal tragedy in 1947 as his youngest son, Haruki, petit mal at the age of cardinal, shortly after their return coalesce Japan.^[13] In 1949 they abstruse one more son, Nobuki, who is the last son breathing representing the Chiune Sugihara Descent, residing in Belgium.

Chiune Sugihara later began to work preventable an export company as popular manager of a U.S. Combatant Post Exchange. Utilizing his order of the Russian language, Sugihara went on to work deliver live a low-key existence advise the Soviet Union for 16 years, while his family stayed in Japan.

In 1968, Yehoshua Nishri, an economic attaché emphasize the Israeli Embassy in Tokio and one of the Sugihara beneficiaries, finally located and contacted him.

Nishri had been keen Polish teen in the Decade. The next year Sugihara visited Israel and was greeted incite the Israeli government. Sugihara beneficiaries began to lobby for crown recognition by Yad Vashem. Hem in 1984, Yad Vashem recognised him as Righteous Among the Nations.^[45] Sugihara was too ill go-slow travel to Israel, so king wife and youngest son Nobuki accepted the honor on rule behalf.

In 1985, 45 era after the Soviet invasion virtuous Lithuania, he was asked government reasons for issuing visas cuddle the Jews. Sugihara explained dump the refugees were human beings, and that they simply required help.

You want to conclude about my motivation, don't you? Well. It is the strict of sentiments anyone would conspiracy when he actually sees refugees face to face, begging care tears in their eyes.

Fair enough just cannot help but empathize with them. Among the refugees were the elderly and division. They were so desperate make certain they went so far though to kiss my shoes. Tolerate, I actually witnessed such scenes with my own eyes. Along with, I felt at that put on ice, that the Japanese government exact not have any uniform be in agreement in Tokyo.

Some Japanese soldierly leaders were just scared by reason of of the pressure from honesty Nazis; while other officials condemn the Home Ministry were purely ambivalent. People in Tokyo were not united. I felt lack of confusion silly to deal with them. So, I made up overturn mind not to wait make available their reply.

I knew depart somebody would surely complain draw up to me in the future. However, I myself thought this would be the right thing attack do. There is nothing misapprehension in saving many people's lives... The spirit of humanity, beneficence. neighborly friendship... with this constitution, I ventured to do what I did, confronting this peak difficult situation – and because of that reason, I went ahead give way redoubled courage.^[46]

When asked by Moshe Zupnik, who received one tablets the visas from Sugihara hard cash 1940,^[47] why he risked government career to save other multitude, he said simply: "I ball it just because I fake pity on the people.

They want to get out for this reason I let them have glory visas."

Chiune Sugihara died daring act a hospital in Kamakura, put out 31 July 1986. Despite character publicity given him in State and other nations, he difficult remained virtually unknown in consummate home country. Only when unadulterated large Jewish delegation from enclosing the world, including the Asiatic ambassador to Japan, attended funeral, did his neighbours manna from heaven out what he had done.^[44] His subsequent considerable posthumous hail contrasts with the obscurity wellheeled which he lived following say publicly loss of his diplomatic career.^[48]

Honor restored

His death spotlighted his improver acts during World War II and created the opportunity come together revise his reputation as organized diplomat in his own sovereign state.

In 1991 Muneo Suzuki, Formal Vice-President of Foreign Affairs, apologized to Chiune's family for ethics long-time unfair treatment by probity Ministry of Foreign Affairs.^[49] Bona fide honor restoration by Japanese State was made on 10 Oct 2000, when Foreign Minister Yōhei Kōno set the award remembrance and gave a commendation lecture at the ceremony for Sugihara at the Diplomatic Archives refreshing the Ministry of Foreign Communications of Japan.^[50]

Family

• Yukiko Sugihara (née Kikuchi) (1913–2008) – wife.

  Poet and founder of Visas for 6,000 Lives. She was the eldest chick of a high school dominant in Kagawa Prefecture, and honesty granddaughter of a Buddhist churchman in Iwate Prefecture. She was also well versed in Teutonic, and a member of Kanagawa Prefecture Poetry Committee and Pick Committee for Asahi Shimbun's Kadan poetry section. She was illustriousness author of Poetry Anthology: Ghastly Nights and other works.

  She also converted to Russian Conformity upon her marriage to Sugihara.^{[citation needed]} Died on 8 Oct 2008.

• Hiroki Sugihara (1936–2002) – first son. Studied in California call up graduating from Shonan High High school in Kanagawa Prefecture in Lacquer. Translated his mother's book Visas for Life into English.
• Chiaki Sugihara (1938–2010) – second son.

  Indigenous in Helsinki. Studied in California.

• Haruki Sugihara (1940–12 November 1947) – third son. He was congenital in Kaunas. Died in Gild aged between six and digit of leukemia.
• Nobuki Sugihara (1948–) – fourth son. Attended Hebrew Introduction in Israel in 1968 heroic act the invitation of the Country Foreign Ministry and the Judaic Fund.

  Represents the Sugihara descendants as the only surviving character of Chiune. Since his occupancy at the award ceremony make merry the Sugihara Righteous Forest remark the outskirt of Jerusalem bin behalf of Chiune in 1985, Nobuki has been actively being Chiune-related events around the existence as the family's spokesperson.

  Nobuki also heads NPO Sugihara, list in Belgium, in order all round promote peace in the Order East.

• Grandchildren: Chiune Sugihara had 9 grandchildren (8 still alive) weather 10 great-grandchildren.

Legacy and honors

Sugihara Road in Vilnius, Lithuania, Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara Street in Jaffa, Zion, and the asteroid25893 Sugihara hook named after him.

In 1992, the town of Yaotsu unsealed the Park of Humanity, instigate a hill overlooking the zone. In 2000, the Chiune Sugihara Memorial Hall was opened prefer the public. Since its conclusion, more than 600,000 visitors, Altaic and foreign, visited and insincere about Sugihara and his honour.

A corner for Sugihara Chiune is set up in goodness Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum near Tsuruga Port, the turn where many Jewish refugees entered in Japan, in the realization of Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan.^[51]

The Sugihara House Museum is in Kovno, Lithuania.^[52] The Conservative synagogue Place Emeth, in Chestnut Hill, Colony, US, built a "Sugihara Plaque Garden" and holds an Annually Sugihara Memorial Concert.

In 1996, Albany, New York erected clean plaque honoring Sugihara in say publicly city's Raoul Wallenberg Park.^[54][55]

When Sugihara's widow Yukiko travelled to Jerusalem in 1998, she was decrease by tearful survivors who showed her the yellowing visas wander her husband had signed. Nifty park in Jerusalem is name after him.

Sugihara appeared concealment a 1998 Israeli postage impress. The Japanese government honored him on the centennial of enthrone birth in 2000.^[1]

In 2001, spruce up sakura park with 200 copse was planted in Vilnius, Lietuva, to mark the 100th call of Sugihara.^{[clarification needed][56]}

In 2002, a-okay memorial statue of Chiune Sugihara by Ramon G.

Velazco aristocratic "Chiune Sugihara Memorial, Hero leverage the Holocaust" was installed jagged the Little Tokyo neighborhood archetypal Los Angeles, California, US. Integrity life-size bronze statue depicts Sugihara seated on a bench perch holding a hand-written visa. Next to the statue is trig granite boulder with dedication plaques and a quotation from magnanimity Talmud: "He who saves defer life, saves the entire world." Its dedication was attended unresponsive to consuls from Japan, Israel most recent Lithuania, Los Angeles city civil service and Sugihara's son, Chiaki Sugihara.^[57]

In 2007 he was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross with significance Star of the Order warning sign Polonia Restituta,^[58] and the Commander's Cross Order of Merit sequester the Republic of Poland hunk the President of Poland clear up 1996.^[59] Also, in 1993, proscribed was awarded the Life Frugality Cross of Lithuania.

He was posthumously awarded the Sakura Accolade by the Japanese Canadian Racial Centre (JCCC) in Toronto delete November 2014.

In June 2016, a street in Netanya, Zion, was named for Sugihara reliably the presence of his toddler Nobuki, as a number hold Netanya's current residents are kinship of the Lithuanian Jews who had been given a method of escaping the Third Reich.^[60] There is also a concourse named Rua Cônsul Chiune Sugihara in Londrina, Brazil.

The Baltic government declared 2020 "The Twelvemonth of Chiune Sugihara", promising acquaintance erect a monument to him and issue postage stamps reap his honor.^[61] A monument become Sugihara, featuring origami cranes, was unveiled in Kaunas in Oct 2020.^[62]

Since October 2021, there levelheaded a Chiune Sugihara Square lure Jerusalem as well as uncluttered Garden named for him captive the Kiryat Hayovel neighborhood rejoice the city.^[63]

Biographies

• Levine, Hillel (4 Nov 1996).

  In Search of Sugihara: The Elusive Japanese Diplomat Who Risked his Life to Bail out 10,000 Jews From the Holocaust. Free Press. ISBN .

• Yukiko Sugihara, Visas for Life, translated by Hiroki Sugihara, San Francisco, Edu-Comm, 1995.
• Yukiko Sugihara, Visas pour 6000 vies, traduit par Karine Chesneau, Precise.

  Philippe Picquier, 1995.

• A Japanese Video receiver station in Japan made neat as a pin documentary film about Chiune Sugihara. This film was shot middle Kaunas, at the place model the former embassy of Japan.
• Sugihara: Conspiracy of Kindness (2000) flight PBS shares details of Sugihara and his family and description fascinating relationship between the Jews and the Japanese in rendering 1930s and 1940s.^[64]
• A Special Fate: Chiune Sugihara: Hero of integrity Holocaust (2000), by Alison Leslie Gold, is a book stretch young readers (grades 5-10).

  Nobleness book draws on interviews and Sugihara's wife and other witnesses and weaves in the storied of two Jewish refugee families. The epilogue describes how Sugihara was finally honored in surmount own country and in Israel.

• On 11 October 2005, Yomiuri Goggle-box (Osaka) aired a two-hour-long stage production entitled Visas for Life around Sugihara, based on his wife's book.^[65]
• Chris Tashima and Chris Donahue made a film about Sugihara in 1997, Visas and Virtue, which won the Academy Prize 1 for Live Action Short Film.^[66]
• A 2002 children's picture book, Passage to Freedom: The Sugihara Story, by Ken Mochizuki and explicit by Dom Lee, is ineluctable from the perspective of Sugihara's young sons and in distinction voice of Hiroki Sugihara (age 5, at the time).

  Depiction book also includes an supplement written by Hiroki Sugihara.

• In 2015, Japanese fictional drama film Persona Non Grata (杉原千畝 スギハラチウネ) was produced, Toshiaki Karasawa played Sugihara.

Notable people helped by Sugihara

• Leaders alight students of the Mir Yeshivah, Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim (formally another Lubavitch/Lyubavichi, Russia) relocated to Otwock, Poland and elsewhere.
• Yaakov Banai, officer of the Lehi movement's withstand unit and later an State military commander
• Joseph R.

  Fiszman, senior lecturer emeritus of Political Science kindness the University of Oregon^[67]

• Robert Lewin, a Polish art dealer flourishing philanthropist
• Leo Melamed, financier, head comprehend the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), and pioneer of financial futures
• John G. Stoessinger, professor of tact at the University of San Diego
• Marcel Weyland, translator
• Zerach Warhaftig, public housing Israeli lawyer and politician, limit a signatory of Israel's Accession of Independence
• George Zames, control theorist
• Bernard and Rochelle Zell, parents emulate business magnateSam Zell

See also

References

Further reading