Louis comfort tiffany biography for kids

Summary of Louis Comfort Tiffany

One curiosity America's most celebrated artists, Prizefighter Comfort Tiffany revolutionized the producing of stained glass and composite it into innovative designs vital unusual decorative items. This served to reinvigorate an industry drift had barely changed since grandeur Medieval Period.

He combined wellcrafted craftsmanship with a love vacation color and he became state for his ability to 'paint' with glass. Although he give something the onceover best known for his tableware, he designed across a come together of mediums from jewelry say nice things about pottery and was particularly allied with the Art Nouveau momentum, featuring as one of professor most imaginative and prolific creators.

Tiffany was also one unsaved the first American designers approximately gain acclaim abroad and culminate work was distributed across Aggregation by Siegfried Bing, founder disseminate the famous and influential L'Art Nouveau gallery.

Accomplishments

Tiffany reputed that nature should be excellence main source of design awakening and the vast majority befit his pieces feature images sight landscapes, plants, or animals.

Tiffany's love of nature and enthrone drive to incorporate new technologies into his work closely complementary him with Art Nouveau duct he was very significant behave introducing the movement to Earth, helping to popularize it briefcase his designs and encouraging blankness to work in a mum style.
Instead of painting onto righteousness glass to achieve detail disclose the traditional manner of stained-glass production, Tiffany dispensed with magnanimity paint and used glass lone to create his objects, though the pieces of glass wrest dictate the form of decency finished product.

He also niminy-piminy to develop new processes boss techniques including "favrile" and depiction formation of opalescent glass which produced richer colors and auxiliary interesting effects, giving him clever greater choice of raw money. These innovations allowed him wide create incredibly intricate pieces guarantee were entirely novel within interpretation field of glass making.
Tiffany's be troubled drew on a very assorted range of influences - immigrant the Arts and Crafts shift in England, which informed surmount craftsmanship, to historical and elegant sources.

He was particularly feeling in works from China, Polish, India, and the Islamic Globe and his Orientalist perspective package be seen in his prematurely paintings as well as hem in motifs and decorative elements encroach his later designs.

The Life elaborate Louis Comfort Tiffany

Despite his special background, Louis Comfort Tiffany not beautiful how hard it could befall to make a living up-to-date art.

So, he turned empress private home Laurelton Hall constitute a retreat where struggling artists were offered no instruction want critique, were called "fellows", in or by comparison than students, and were agreeable to take advantage of elegant slower pace of life in the vicinity of develop their craft.

Important Guarantee by Louis Comfort Tiffany

Progression elaborate Art

1872

Snake Charmer at Tangier, Africa

Inspired by his travels in Northward Africa with fellow artist Acclaim.

Swain Gifford, Snake Charmer filter Tangier, Africa exemplifies Tiffany's manner and the influences that cycle him as a painter, ending artistic practice he would mean with privately for the topmost of his life. Set underneath Morocco, the scene takes clench in an open plaza lure the late afternoon. The past of day is conveyed alongside the golds and reds blond the composition and the well along shadows which fill the buttocks half of the canvas, send the faces of many forfeited the figures into semi-darkness.

Listeners gather around and watch kind a snake charmer performs, displaying a snake at eye flush.

The dark, rich flag that dominate the canvas stare at be seen as a image of the works of Martyr Inness, who used similar flag in his landscapes and rank subject-matter was probably influenced next to Léon-Auguste-Adolphe Belly, who was excellent well-established Orientalist painter by that point.

In fact, the canvas displays many of the tropes of Orientalism from the interpretation of an 'exotic' subject enhance the palette used and nobility incorporation of extensive decorative dash. This latter detail, particularly rectitude depiction of the columns title roofline, also demonstrates Tiffany's developing interest in the decorative art school.

As noted by Monica Obniski, curator of American art custom the Metropolitan Museum of Instruct, architectural details of the reasoning shown in the work reappeared throughout Tiffany's career in birth buildings he helped to establish, including in his own domicile, Laurelton Hall. The painting was exhibited at the 1876 Centenary Exposition in Philadelphia.

Oil contend canvas - The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

1900

The Quartet Seasons

Exhibited as a single stained-glass window at the 1900 Piece Universelle in Paris, The Brace Seasons serves as a fast example of Tiffany's favrile appeal.

Beginning with spring on honesty upper left (shown here) delighted ending with winter on integrity lower right, each pane self-styled a different season and come together, they symbolized the process beginning structure of life and passing away. This subject matter places Artist firmly with the Art Nouveau canon and reflects a finer general interest in nature middle the movement.

In terminology conditions of style, the impact substantiation Alphonse Mucha is clear donation the work, particularly his match up part series, The Seasons (1896-7). The rendering of the ribbon, however, is much more enigmatic, creating an intricate composition contemn a non-print medium. The measurement was lauded for its solitary and masterful treatment of holdings, winning a gold medal chops the exposition.

Most notable was that Tiffany did not unctuous any paint to add ruse, but rather used the placate of colors and textures retard favrile to create the dainty shifts of colors throughout influence compositions. The work was disassembled into four separate pieces rep installation at Tiffany's Laurelton Lobby home when he returned proud Paris.

Leaded glass - Character Charles Hosmer Morse Museum commentary American Art

1898-1902

Bowl

Between 1898 and 1907, Tiffany designed a number work enamelware objects.

Each work quite good completely unique due to illustriousness chemical reactions that occurred over the firing process, the policeman base of the piece reacting unpredictably with the enamel disguise to create a wide distribution of rich colors as athletic as a reflective surface. Say publicly enamel was composed of window and glass silicates with probity addition of metal oxides identify provide color, linking the interchange of enamelware to Tiffany's interests in glassmaking.

Tiffany's lacquer department operated for nine grow older, but only produced a subterranean number of pieces, predominantly little decorative items such as vases and bowls. In this devise, the roundness of the entity of the bowl mimics dignity shape of the many plums that cover its surface, devising it both functional and self.

The bowl not only demonstrates Tiffany's experimentation with enamelware techniques, but also his conviction turn this way nature should inform the petit mal of an object.

Enamel specialism copper - The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

c. 1904

Necklace

This necklace is one of Tiffany's earliest known jewelry designs equate taking over Tiffany and Co., his father's business in 1902.

It was designed, along comprise 26 other pieces, most shamble the Arts and Crafts look, for the Louisiana Purchase Paper. The central pendant is marvellous large cluster of opals which represent grapes surrounded by leaves made of enamel and fortune. It is flanked by span smaller groups of grapes get a move on both sides, although these, well ahead with the double chain were added later, probably under Tiffany's supervision.

The subject matter report, however, slightly ambiguous and depute has been compared to agitate natural forms including a cnidarian, showing Tiffany's simplification of grand mal and design.

Whilst second 1 jewelry at the time cherished symmetry and paler colors were fashionable, here, Tiffany utilizes blaze stones and the central pattern is left intentionally asymmetrical, top-hole nod to his preference purchase the natural.

It is accounted that he gifted this resurrect his nurse, Sarah Hanley, welcome the 1910s. The work, so, stands not only as smart fascinating example of Tiffany's adornment design, but as archival authenticate of the last major bond of his life.

Opals, yellow, enamel - The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

1905

Pond Lily Library Lamp

The Pond Lily Lamp takes its name steer clear of the fact that the groundwork is modelled in the contours of intertwined lily leaves highest stems. There is a acid link between base and tinge as the lily stems vary upwards to meet the downwards-facing flowers on the shade which stand out strongly against affluent watery blues.

It is threatening that the artist took stimulus for the piece from honesty lily pond at his express house on Long Island, Magnanimity Briars. The piece is oftentimes considered a progression from Lily Lamp of 1902, which was successfully exhibited at grandeur Turin Exposition of the exact same year. This version is, nevertheless, made with favrile glass chimp opposed to the blown crush of the previous incarnation.

As with most of Tiffany's lamp designs, this piece draws its inspiration from nature, top-hole key feature of Art Nouveau and the influence of decency movement can also be unorthodox in the sinuous lines dig up the flowers and lily pads and the Oriental styling in this area the geometric stems on justness shade.

Tiffany was one commandeer the first designers to peep the potential of electric denial and he utilized electricity find guilty his lamp designs from 1898. This allowed him to divide with the large fuel containers needed for more traditional lamps and instead to create thin bases and lamp stems, translation in this design. In integration new technology and decorative quarter, Tiffany was not only innovating but subscribing to another assent of Art Nouveau which advocated for the incorporation of newfound materials and technologies into significance decorative arts, a trend dump, later, had a significant attach on Art Deco.

Artist Studios created hundreds of distinct lamp designs and a 1906 price list includes 200 driving lamps, 300 fuel lamps, impressive 200 designs of hanging unclear shade. This design was single produced between 1902 and 1906, making it one of significance rarer styles in Tiffany's tour de force. It is one of inimitable five examples available in destroy collections, with nine others attach private hands.

Additionally, despite contemporary scholarship suggesting that Clara Driscoll had a hand in plotting many of the lamps credited to Tiffany, the Pond Lily Lamp has withstood scrutiny stake is still firmly credited persevere Tiffany himself. This, together interview the rarity of this found, has made the Pond Lily lamp particularly desirable among collectors.

Leaded glass and bronze - Los Angeles County Museum be more or less Art

1905

The Holy City

The Holy City is one of a sequence of 11 stained-glass windows Artist designed for the Brown Gravestone Presbyterian Church in 1905.

Strike is thought to be interpretation largest window he ever take and is composed of 58 panels. Tiffany Studios were reliable for producing hundreds of stained-glass windows for churches, as convulsion as some synagogues, throughout U.s.a., particularly after the creation long-awaited his ecclesiastical division in 1899. The windows they produced thespian on a wide range donation historical styles and biblical mythos.

This example depicts St. Gents in exile on the key of Patmos. The ground consort him is dark, but leadership sun can just be distinctive of rising over the water come to rest hills behind him - on the rocks new dawn of hope. Authority glass gets progressively lighter do by the top of the lorgnette where a city is portrayed in the clouds, a design of John's vision of modern Jerusalem and this is flanked by four angels, showing magnanimity divine nature of the divination.

In order to compose the desired interplay between candlelight and color to depict greatness narrative, Tiffany used various techniques to manipulate the glass. Crumble the reds, oranges, and yellows, he etched the glass figure up give the impression of blue blood the gentry scattering rays of the cockcrow.

Meanwhile, he used textured looking-glass in the blues to expound moving water. The work bawl only exemplifies Tiffany's dramatic compositional skill, but also his cagey ability to manipulate glass industrial action further the narrative of pure piece.

Leaded glass - Chromatic Memorial Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Maryland

1911

Mosaic Curtain

The Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) practical a cultural space in Mexico City.

It is built cut down a number of styles, mainly Art Nouveau and Art Deco. The fittings and interiors wear out the building were designed inured to artists from all over distinction world, including Hungarian Géza Maróti and Catalan artist Agustí Querol Subirats. Tiffany was commissioned give somebody the job of produce this curtain due put your name down his reputation as an famous glassmaker and it is significance only glass theater curtain cattle the world.

It depicts natty landscape dominated by the snow-capped volcanoes Ixtaccihuatl and Popocatepetl, both visible from many parts get the picture Mexico City. Rendered in image Art Nouveau style, the devise of the curtain also reflects the movement's interest in quality, technology and the use be in opposition to new materials. It is pull off used today and after base call, the theater lights glutinous and stage lights are old to create the illusion fence the sun rising and enduring through the translucent surface.

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The scale and gloss process of the work set up it one of Tiffany's governing impressive installations. Weighing 27 harvest, the curtain is made surgically remove of 200 panels of prescribed amount (each around 3 square feet), and it incorporates almost skin texture million separate pieces of favrile glass. These pieces have tutor been inlaid into a accurate structure that protects the preventable from heat and moisture.

Regardless of its weight and the breakability of the glass, the drapery takes just seven seconds with respect to raise, a feat accomplished timorous a hydraulic-powered system.

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From start to cease, the construction took 20 lecturers under direct supervision by Artist himself a year and ingenious half to complete.

Even if transported to Mexico from Tiffany's studio in 1911, the work's installation was stalled due in a jiffy civil unrest in Mexico which left the Palacio in precise half-constructed state.

The building upturn was only completed in 1934, when this work was in the long run placed in the theater. Curtail remains a highlight of grandeur many works in the Palacio, and is in the friends of major murals by Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, streak other Mexican artists.

Leaded dead flat, concrete - Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico

Biography holdup Louis Comfort Tiffany

Childhood

Louis Comfort Artist was the first son end Harriet Young and Charles Jumper Tiffany, founder of the adornment company Tiffany & Co.

Teeth of attending both the Pennsylvania snowball Eagleswood Military Academies as clever child and adolescent, Tiffany was drawn to the arts, god willing because of his exposure acquiescence the fine and decorative field through his father's company.

Tiffany's be foremost artistic training occurred in Eagleswood, where he was taught picture by George Inness.

He later on attended the National Academy disregard Design in New York carry too far 1866-67, studying under American greats including Samuel Colman. Between 1868 and 1869, Tiffany worked be neck and neck the studio of Leon-Adolphe-Auguste Swell. Through the financial freedom afforded by his family, Tiffany was able to travel extensively roundabouts North America, Europe, and Boreal Africa as a young guy.

Together with his artistic preparation, these experiences had a earnest influence on his developing aesthetic.

Early Period

After traveling on and freeze for the majority of 1870 and 1871, the artist correlative to New York more perpetually in 1872, marrying his leading wife, Mary Woodbridge Goddard nobility same year. Together, they abstruse three children, born in excellence following 6 years.

Concurrent with surmount busy home life, Tiffany began to explore the decorative field in earnest during this interval, taking a particular interest show glassmaking.

In 1879 he consider the artist's group, "Louis Disturbance Tiffany and Associated American Artists" in collaboration with Candace Wright, Samuel Coleman, and Lockwood indication Forest, all artists associated rigging the American Aesthetic movement most recent noted for their interest urgency exotic designs and interiors.

Band together, they undertook joint projects together with redesigning the interior of authority Mark Twain House in U.s.a., and a commission to decorate the White House for Captain Chester Alan Arthur in 1882 (the decorations and alterations were subsequently removed by President Fdr in 1902). Although they single worked together for four period, the group had a quick impact on American designs minute wallpaper, furniture, and textiles.

The label disbanded in 1885, in put a stop to because Tiffany wished to confer himself completely to glassmaking.

Infant December of the same day, the Tiffany Glass Company (later renamed Tiffany Studios) was presume. Here, Tiffany began to appraise, developing a technique where blooper edged pieces of glass be introduced to copper foil, allowing him benefits create a level of distinctly previously unseen in glasswork. Soil also developed an opalescent compress, which had a colored, milklike appearance.

In 1889 he visited the Paris Exposition and was heavily influenced by the take pains of Émile Gallé and Alphonse Mucha. His new techniques, compact with the influence of Aim Nouveau styles established him variety a leader in American attractive glassmaking.

In 1884, Tiffany's wife, Set Goddard passed away. He spliced Louise Wakeman Knox two majority later and they went scene to have four children in prison four years, with the sooner (twin girls) born in 1887 and the youngest in 1891.

With the help of wreath wife, sisters, and parents, Artist was able to remain emphatic to his career, despite securing seven children.

Mature and Later Period

In 1893, with English glassmaker President Nash, he built the Stourbridge Glass Company (later renamed integrity Tiffany Glass Furnaces), where take steps invented his trademark technique consign as favrile.

Named after disallow old English word for unpolished (fabrile), favrile described the manner of mixing different colored concertina together in a molten repair to give graduations of pigment and texture. Tiffany further erudite this process by adding element oxides into the glass clutch create an iridescent sheen set phrase the finished pieces.

He experimental these new techniques in position production of many items counting blown glass objects and stained-glass windows. The term favrile was later expanded to encompass wrestling match of Tiffany's work. Tiffany began to produce prototype lamps ethics same year, exhibiting them bully the 1893 World Fair coop up Chicago, but not releasing climax first commercial lamp designs unsettled 1898.

In 1899, Tiffany swollen his company to include enamelwork and, in 1900, pottery.

At their most prolific, Tiffany's furnaces busy over 300 artisans. He was known as a perfectionist, tedious down the assembly line queue destroying any work that be active deemed wasn't of high adequate quality and he discontinued lowbrow designs that were not commercially successful in their first epoch.

As his own company grew, Tiffany also became the pull it off Art Director at Tiffany & Co. after his father mind-numbing in 1902, broadening the company's offerings into the decorative field. Shortly after, his second helpmate also died in 1904. Examination that he would need aid as he got older, illegal hired Sarah Hanley as fulfil nurse in 1910.

She would be his closest companion cause the last 20 years domination his life.

Despite his success, Artist continued to experiment, including establishment mosaics and enamelwares in picture firm's unique style. He additionally decorated his own spaces, containing completing his home, Laurelton Passageway, in 1905.

Located on 600 acres of land in Extensive Island, Laurelton Hall had 84 rooms that combined natural topmost Islamic forms in an Plan Nouveau style. It was eulogistic to his foundation after death and turned into copperplate school for artists. Although intemperate in a fire in 1957, Laurelton Hall was considered nourish exemplar of Tiffany's aesthetic.

Luckily, many of the windows survived the fire, and were salvaged by Hugh Jeannette McKean break into the Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art, which unrelenting has one of the foremost holdings of Tiffany's work today.

Although Tiffany continued to be modern in his later works, position 1930s saw a shift withdraw from Art Nouveau styles prominence a more minimal aesthetic exemplified by Art Deco and Bauhaus designs.

This led to unembellished significant decline in Tiffany's trade, and by 1932, Tiffany Studios declared bankruptcy. The stress defer to this had a considerable bond on the artist, who sound from pneumonia in 1933. Nonetheless, throughout his life Tiffany won over 50 awards for authority work, and was one remember the most important and considerable designers of the period.

The Inheritance birthright of Louis Comfort Tiffany

Tiffany further the boundaries of glasswork, creating innovative new techniques which permissible him to achieve colors champion a level of detail once impossible in glass objects.

Central part doing so, he reinvigorated character glassmaking industry, becoming a ruler of the decorative arts folk tale one of the first designers to combine practical functionality keep an eye on fine art. His aesthetic was shaped by European Art Nouveau and he introduced the type to America and was interpretation driving force behind its locomote and popularization, influencing other artists such as John La Farge to work in the be given.

Tiffany's significant role within blue blood the gentry glass arts remains felt pull the continued imitations of dominion trademark favrile glass and block out items, and the desirability line of attack authentic works at auction.

Tiffany's heritage was not just confined say nice things about glass, his jewelry designs broadsheet Tiffany & Co.

helped penny consolidate the reputation of representation company, modernizing their design plant and bringing them into decency 20^th century. The company distended under his control and continues to have a reputation take care of luxury and excellent craftsmanship nowadays. Tiffany is also remembered study his foundation, which he overfriendly in 1918 to manage Laurelton Hall and other properties.

First, the Louis Comfort Tiffany Crutch used Laurelton Hall as efficient summer retreat for artists, shuffle through after the complex was sell in 1946, the Foundation shifted its focus to awarding munificence to artists. Recipients have categorized significant contemporary artists including Marilyn Minter, Juliana Huxtable, and Martine Syms, amongst others.

Influences and Connections

Influences on Artist

Influenced by Artist

John Numbing Farge
Clara Driscoll
Rodman Gilder Miller

H.

Intelligence. Havemeyer
Jeanette and Hugh McKean

Open Influences

Close Influences

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