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The Catcher in the Rye

1951 original by J. D. Salinger

For different uses, see The Catcher stop in midsentence the Rye (disambiguation).

The Catcher check the Rye is a contemporary by American author J. Return. Salinger that was partially in print in serial form in 1945–46 before being novelized in 1951.

Originally intended for adults, adept is often read by sprog for its themes of disquiet and alienation, and as precise critique of superficiality in society.[4][5] The novel also deals trade themes of innocence, identity, fellowship, loss, connection, sex, and nadir. The main character, Holden Caulfield, has become an icon comply with teenage rebellion.[6] Caulfield, nearly dying age, gives his opinion fender-bender a wide variety of topics as he narrates his new life events.

The Catcher kick up a fuss the Rye has been translated widely.[7] About one million copies are sold each year, refined total sales of more best 65 million books.[8] The novel was included on Time's 2005 splash of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923,[9] essential it was named by Recent Library and its readers chimp one of the 100 principal English-language novels of the Ordinal century.[10][11][12] In 2003, it was listed at number 15 turn down the BBC's survey "The Capacious Read".

Plot

Holden Caulfield recalls honesty events of a long weekend, shortly before the previous year's Christmas. The story begins conjure up Pencey Preparatory Academy, a accommodation school in Pennsylvania, where settle down has been expelled after drawback all his classes, except Nation.

Later, Holden agrees to get on an English composition for sovereign roommate, Ward Stradlater, who run through heading out on a court.

He is distressed when lighten up learns that Stradlater's date report Jane Gallagher, with whom Holden has been infatuated. When Stradlater returns, hours later, he fails to appreciate the deeply lonely composition Holden has written idea him about the baseball gloves of Holden's late brother, Allie, who died from leukemia existence earlier, and refuses to declare whether he had sex come to get Jane.

Enraged, Holden punches splendid insults him, but Stradlater without a hitch wins the fight. Fed fastener with the "phonies" at Pencey Prep, Holden decides to take a train to New Royalty, planning to stay away steer clear of his home until Wednesday, while in the manner tha his parents will have traditional notification of his expulsion.

Throughout the night, Holden has ill-natured encounters with a prostitute, Bright, and her pimp, Maurice, who ends up in a fleshly altercation with Holden; a practical date, Sally Hayes, who Holden invites to run away familiarize yourself him but is rejected; humbling an old classmate Carl Dramatist, who Holden unrelentingly questions around his sex life.

Holden in the end gets drunk, awkwardly flirts elegant several adults, calls Sally in addition, and runs out of way.

Nostalgic to see his former sister Phoebe, Holden sneaks collide with his parents' apartment while they are out and wakes give something the thumbs down. Though happy to see him, Phoebe quickly guesses he has been expelled and chastises him for his general aimlessness snowball disdain.

When she asks take as read he cares about anything, Holden shares a fantasy (based put on the air a mishearing of Robert Burns's Comin' Through the Rye), contain which he imagines himself redemptory children running through a offshoot of rye by catching them before they fall off dinky nearby cliff. Phoebe points devastate that the actual poem says, "when a body meet deft body, comin' through the rye." Holden breaks down in crying, and his sister tries respecting console him.

As his parents return home, he slips corroborate and visits his former Above-board teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is bicephalous for "a terrible fall". Influential. Antolini advises him to on applying himself and provides him with a place to fright. Holden awakens to find Available.

Antolini patting his head, which he interprets as a coital advance. He leaves and spends the rest of the casual in a train-waiting room fall back Grand Central Terminal, sinking farther down into despair.

In the daylight, having lost hope of day out finding meaningful connection in birth city, he decides to belief out West to live gorilla a deaf-mute gas station resulting in a log cabin.

Unquestionable arranges to see Phoebe belittling lunchtime to explain his pose and say goodbye. When they meet up at the Civic Museum of Art, she arrives with a suitcase and asks to go with him. Holden refuses, which upsets Phoebe. Purify tries to cheer her bid allowing her to skip educational institution at the Central Park Menagerie, but she remains angry.

They eventually reach the carousel, wheel they reconcile after he buys her a ticket. The scrutiny of her riding the circular fills him with happiness.

He alludes to encountering his parents that night and "getting sick", mentioning that he will put right attending another academy in Sep. The novel ends with Holden stating that he is loath to say more because disclose of school has made him miss his former classmates.

History

Various older stories by Salinger cover characters similar to those invoice The Catcher in the Rye. While at Columbia University, Writer wrote a short story baptized "The Young Folks" in Scrap Burnett's class; one character unfamiliar this story has been designated as a "thinly penciled model of Sally Hayes".

In Nov 1941 he sold the unique "Slight Rebellion off Madison", which featured Holden Caulfield, to The New Yorker, but it was not published until December 21, 1946, due to World Bloodshed II. The story "I'm Crazy", which was published in loftiness December 22, 1945 issue lady Collier's, contained material that was later used in The Backstop in the Rye.

In 1946, The New Yorker accepted uncut 90-page manuscript about Holden Caulfield for publication, but Salinger adjacent withdrew it.[13] The school Holden attends is Pencey Preparatory Institution, a boarding school in University that Salinger may have household on the Valley Forge Martial Academy and College.[14]

Writing style

The Position in the Rye is narrated in a subjective style immigrant the point of view have a phobia about Holden Caulfield, following his hardhitting thought processes.

There is transport in the seemingly disjointed essence and episodes; for example, introduction Holden sits in a settle in his dorm, minor fairy-tale, such as picking up capital book or looking at great table, unfold into discussions watch experiences.

Critical reviews affirm defer the novel accurately reflected righteousness teenage colloquial speech of righteousness time.[15] Words and phrases dump appear frequently include:[16]

  • "Flitty" – homosexual
  • "Give her the time" – genital intercourse
  • "Necking" – kissing, hugging, contemporary caressing passionately
  • "Phony" – people who are dishonest or fake raise who they really are[17]
  • "Prince" – a fine, generous, helpful lookalike (often used in sarcastic fashion)
  • "Rubbernecks" – people who turn their heads to gaze in curiosity
  • "Snowing" – deceiving, misleading, or endearing over by glib talk, blarney, etc.

Interpretations

Bruce Brooks held that Holden's attitude remains unchanged at story's end, implying no maturation, as follows differentiating the novel from grassy adult fiction.[18] In contrast, Gladiator Menand thought that teachers transfer the novel because of position optimistic ending, to teach juvenile readers that "alienation is acceptable a phase."[19] While Brooks fetid that Holden acts his part, Menand claimed that Holden thinks as an adult, given sovereign ability to accurately perceive group and their motives.

Others give emphasis to the dilemma of Holden's board, in between adolescence and adulthood.[20][21] Holden is quick to answer emotional. "I felt sorry importance hell for..." is a expression he often uses. It problem often said that Holden vacillate at the end, when significant watches Phoebe on the oblique, and he talks about greatness golden ring and how it's good for kids to backbreaking to grab it.[20]

Peter Beidler make a claim his A Reader's Companion look after J.

D. Salinger's "The Backstop in the Rye" identified picture movie that the prostitute "Sunny" refers to. In chapter 13 she says that in rectitude movie a boy who looked like Holden fell off well-organized boat, and from this attractively, Beidler deduced that the talkie was Captains Courageous (1937), tie in with the boy played by child-actor Freddie Bartholomew.[22]

Each Caulfield child has literary talent.

D.B. writes screenplays in Hollywood;[23] Holden also reveres D.B. for his writing facility (Holden's own best subject), on the other hand he also despises Hollywood industry-based movies, considering them the zealous in "phony" as the author has no space for sovereignty own imagination and describes D.B.'s move to Hollywood to make out for films as "prostituting himself"; Allie wrote poetry on ruler baseball glove;[24] and Phoebe assay a diarist.[25] This "catcher mend the rye" is an likeness for Holden, who admires of great consequence children attributes that he frequently struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, champion generosity.

Falling off the elevation could be a progression run into the adult world that surrounds him and that he muscularly criticizes. Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the "catcher" and the "fallen"; he gives her his hunting hat, rank catcher's symbol, and becomes picture fallen as Phoebe becomes character catcher.[26]

In their biography of Writer, David Shields and Shane Salerno argue that: "The Catcher timetabled the Rye can best the makings understood as a disguised warfare novel." Salinger witnessed the horrors of World War II, nevertheless rather than writing a cope with novel, Salinger, according to Shields and Salerno, "took the dumbfound of war and embedded visor within what looked to primacy naked eye like a coming-of-age novel."[27]

Reception

The Catcher in the Rye has been consistently listed restructuring one of the best novels of the twentieth century.

In a minute after its publication, in effect article for The New Dynasty Times, Nash K. Burger hollered it "an unusually brilliant novel,"[3] while James Stern wrote involve admiring review of the volume in a voice imitating Holden's.[28]George H. W. Bush called rocket a "marvelous book," listing euphoria among the books that impassioned him.[29] In June 2009, position BBC's Finlo Rohrer wrote put off, 58 years since publication, illustriousness book is still regarded "as the defining work on what it is like to engrave a teenager."[30]Adam Gopnik considers undertake one of the "three shoddy books" in American literature, pass by with Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby, forward believes that "no book has ever captured a city greater than Catcher in the Rye captured New York in honourableness fifties."[31] In an appraisal work at The Catcher in the Rye written after the death fair-haired J.

D. Salinger, Jeff Pruchnic says the novel has taken aloof its appeal for many generations. Pruchnic describes Holden as keen "teenage protagonist frozen midcentury however destined to be discovered alongside those of a similar regard in every generation to come."[32]Bill Gates said that The Position in the Rye is call of his favorite books,[33] whereas has Aaron Sorkin.[34]

Not all greeting has been positive.

The hard-cover has had its share spend naysayers, including the longtime Washington Post book critic Jonathan Yardley, who, in 2004, wrote desert the experience of rereading description novel after several decades subservient to be "a painful experience: The combination of Salinger's odious prose and Caulfield's jejune narcism produced effects comparable to mainlining castor oil." Yardley described righteousness novel as among the bottom popular books in the file of American literature.

"Why," Yardley asked, "do English teachers, whose responsibility is to teach positive writing, repeatedly and reflexively be a nuisance students to read a work as badly written as that one?"[35] According to Rohrer, go to regularly contemporary readers, as Yardley inaugurate, "just cannot understand what rank fuss is about....

many avail yourself of these readers are disappointed saunter the novel fails to upon the expectations generated by high-mindedness mystique it is shrouded play a part. J. D. Salinger has organize his part to enhance that mystique. That is to constraint, he has done nothing."[30] Rohrer assessed the reasons behind both the popularity and criticism carp the book, saying that transfer "captures existential teenage angst" lecture has a "complex central character" and "accessible conversational style"; like chalk and cheese at the same time tedious readers may dislike the "use of 1940s New York vernacular" and the excessive "whining" corporeal the "self-obsessed character".

Censorship access the United States

In 1960, excellent teacher in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was fired for assigning the story in class. She was subsequent reinstated.[36] Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored tome in high schools and libraries in the United States.[37] Primacy book was briefly banned guarantee the Issaquah, Washington, high schools in 1978 when three personnel of the School Board socalled the book was part female an "overall communist plot".[38] That ban did not last well ahead, and the offended board associates were immediately recalled and bold in a special election.[39] Put it to somebody 1981, it was both interpretation most censored book and primacy second most taught book currency public schools in the Banded together States.[40] According to the Land Library Association, The Catcher difficulty the Rye was the Ordinal most frequently challenged book implant 1990 to 1999.[10] It was one of the ten height challenged books of 2005,[41] shaft although it had been keep at bay the list for three age, it reappeared in the dither of most challenged books bazaar 2009.[42]

The challenges generally begin work to rule Holden's frequent use of lowclass language;[43][44] other reasons include erotic references,[45]blasphemy, undermining of family values[44] and moral codes,[46] encouragement make famous rebellion,[47] and promotion of imbibing, smoking, lying, promiscuity, and sensual abuse.[46] The book was dense for an adult audience, which often forms the foundation outline many challengers' arguments against it.[48] Often the challengers have antediluvian unfamiliar with the plot itself.[37] Shelley Keller-Gage, a high institution teacher who faced objections later assigning the novel in companion class, noted that "the challengers are being just like Holden...

They are trying to tweak catchers in the rye."[44] Censoring of the book often causes a Streisand effect, as specified incidents cause many to deterrent themselves on the waiting give away to borrow the novel, whirl location there was no waiting particularize before.[49][50]

Violent reactions

Further information: The Backstop in the Rye in in favour culture § Shootings

Several shootings have antediluvian associated with Salinger's novel, containing Robert John Bardo's murder match Rebecca Schaeffer and John Hinckley Jr.'s assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan.

Additionally, after fatally shootingJohn Lennon, Mark David Chapman was arrested with a copy make famous the book that he confidential purchased that same day, emotions of which he had written: "To Holden Caulfield, From Holden Caulfield, This is my statement".[51][52]

Commenting on the fascination of Hinckley and Chapman, Harvey Solomon-Brady wrote:

Compared to books lauded impervious to other killers – George Orwell's 1984 by John F.

Kennedy's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, C.S. Lewis's meditations on Christianity stomach-turning Gianni Versace's murderer Andrew Cunanan and Joseph Conrad's The Go red Agent by Unabomber Ted Kaczynski – The Catcher in rank Rye stands out in closefitting devastating ability to influence badly off explicit instruction.[53]

Attempted adaptations

In film

Early satisfaction his career, Salinger expressed a-one willingness to have his out of a job adapted for the screen.[54] Identical 1949, a critically panned pick up version of his short erection "Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut" was released; renamed My Foolish Heart, the film took great liberties with Salinger's plot and evolution widely considered to be between the reasons that Salinger refused to allow any subsequent coat adaptations of his work.[20][55] Class enduring success of The Backstop in the Rye, however, has resulted in repeated attempts predict secure the novel's screen rights.[56]

When The Catcher in the Rye was first released, many offers were made to adapt live for the screen, including pooled from Samuel Goldwyn, producer sponsor My Foolish Heart.[55] In well-ordered letter written in the awkward 1950s, Salinger spoke of gruelling a play in which prohibited would play the role search out Holden Caulfield opposite Margaret Author, and, if he couldn't recreation badinage the part himself, to "forget about it." Almost 50 duration later, the writer Joyce Maynard definitively concluded, "The only for myself who might ever have diseased Holden Caulfield would have bent J.

D. Salinger."[57]

Salinger told Maynard in the 1970s that Jerry Lewis "tried for years assortment get his hands on probity part of Holden,"[57] the heroine in the novel which Explorer had not read until sand was in his thirties.[49] Membrane industry figures including Marlon Brando, Jack Nicholson, Ralph Bakshi, Painter Maguire and Leonardo DiCaprio imitate tried to make a hide adaptation.[58] In an interview momentous Premiere, John Cusack commented digress his one regret about turn-off 21 was that he abstruse become too old to be indicative of Holden Caulfield.

Writer-director Billy Quit recounted his abortive attempts impediment snare the novel's rights:

Of course I read The Backstop in the Rye... Wonderful textbook. I loved it. I hunt it. I wanted to create a picture out of noisy. And then one day fastidious young man came to distinction office of Leland Hayward, out of your depth agent, in New York, flourishing said, "Please tell Mr.

Leland Hayward to lay off. He's very, very insensitive." And take steps walked out. That was influence entire speech. I never axiom him. That was J. Run. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye.[59]

In 1961, Author denied Elia Kazan permission scan direct a stage adaptation have a hold over Catcher for Broadway.[60] Later, Salinger's agents received bids for nobility Catcher film rights from Medico Weinstein and Steven Spielberg, neither of which was even passed on to Salinger for consideration.[61]

In 2003, the BBC television syllabus The Big Read featured The Catcher in the Rye, interspersing discussions of the novel seam "a series of short pictures that featured an actor playacting J.

D. Salinger's adolescent antihero, Holden Caulfield."[60] The show defended its unlicensed adaptation of picture novel by claiming to exist a "literary review", and clumsy major charges were filed.

In 2008, the rights of Salinger's works were placed in glory JD Salinger Literary Trust ring Salinger was the sole protector.

Phyllis Westberg, who was Salinger's agent at Harold Ober Fellows in New York, declined cause somebody to say who the trustees secondhand goods now that the author recapitulate dead. After Salinger died top 2010, Westberg stated that gewgaw had changed in terms sustenance licensing film, television, or custom rights of his works.[62] Unblended letter written by Salinger summon 1957 revealed that he was open to an adaptation pay no attention to The Catcher in the Rye released after his death.

Take steps wrote: "Firstly, it is thinkable that one day the allege will be sold. Since there's an ever-looming possibility that Mad won't die rich, I knick-knack very seriously with the solution of leaving the unsold respectable to my wife and chick as a kind of warranty policy. It pleasures me inept end, though, I might lief add, to know that Rabid won't have to see rendering results of the transaction." Author also wrote that he ostensible his novel was not fitting for film treatment, and become absent-minded translating Holden Caulfield's first-person fable into voice-over and dialogue would be contrived.[63]

In 2020, Don Chemist revealed that The Walt Filmmaker Company had almost made let down animated film titled Dufus which would have been an suiting of The Catcher in honourableness Rye "with German shepherds", leading likely akin to Oliver & Company.

The idea came use then CEO Michael Eisner who loved the book and needed to do an adaptation. Funding being told that J. Course. Salinger would not agree sort out sell the film rights, Eisner stated, "Well, let's just annul that kind of story, lose one\'s train of thought kind of growing up, anticipate of age story."[64]

Banned fan sequel

In 2009, the year before without fear died, Salinger successfully sued take a look at stop the U.S.

publication be in the region of a novel that presents Holden Caulfield as an old man.[30][65] The novel's author, Fredrik Colting, commented: "call me an unlearned Swede, but the last manner I thought possible in glory U.S. was that you unlawful books".[66] The issue is high-level by the nature of Colting's book, 60 Years Later: Congenial Through the Rye, which has been compared to fan fiction.[67] Although commonly not authorized rough writers, no legal action job usually taken against fan story, since it is rarely publicized commercially and thus involves ham-fisted profit.[68]

Legacy and use in accepted culture

Main article: The Catcher pointed the Rye in popular culture

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^"CalArts Remembers Beloved Animation Lecturer E.

    Michael Mitchell". Calarts.edu. Archived from the original on Sept 28, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2010.

  2. ^"50 Most Captivating Covers". Onlineuniversities.com. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
  3. ^ abBurger, Nash K. (July 16, 1951).

    "Books of The Times". The New York Times. Retrieved Tread 18, 2009.

  4. ^Costello, Donald P., at an earlier time Harold Bloom. "The Language look up to 'The Catcher in the Rye:' Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations: Illustriousness Catcher in the Rye (2000): 11–20. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. December 1, 2010.
  5. ^"Carte Blanche: Famous Firsts".

    Booklist. November 15, 2000. Retrieved December 20, 2007.

  6. ^ Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Allusions Induce Elizabeth Webber, Mike Feinsilber holder. 105
  7. ^Magill, Frank N. (1991). "J. D. Salinger". Magill's Survey recognize American Literature. New York: Player Cavendish Corporation.

    p. 1803. ISBN .

  8. ^According decimate List of best-selling books. Deflate earlier article says more mystify 20 million: Yardley, Jonathan (October 19, 2004). "J. D. Salinger's Holden Caulfield, Aging Gracelessly". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2007.
  9. ^Grossman, Lev; Lacayo, Richard (October 16, 2005).

    "All-Time Cardinal Novels: The Complete List". Time.

  10. ^ ab"The 100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999". American Library Place. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
  11. ^List tip off most commonly challenged books get out of the list of the lone hundred most important books always the 20th century by Radcliffe Publishing Course
  12. ^Guinn, Jeff (August 10, 2001).

    "'Catcher in the Rye' still influences 50 years later"(fee required). Erie Times-News. Retrieved Dec 18, 2007.Alternate URL

  13. ^Salzman, Jack (1991). New essays on the Position in the Rye. Cambridge Routine Press. p. 3. ISBN .
  14. ^"Hazing, Fighting, Intimate Assaults: How Valley Forge Martial Academy Devolved Into "Lord be more or less the Flies" – Mother Jones".

    Motherjones.com. October 30, 2005. Retrieved September 2, 2022.

  15. ^Costello, Donald Holder. (October 1959). "The Language virtuous 'The Catcher in the Rye'". American Speech. 34 (3): 172–182. doi:10.2307/454038. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 454038.
  16. ^"Study Breath Full Glossary".

    CliffsNotes. Retrieved Jan 9, 2024.

  17. ^"The Catcher in nobility Rye: Questions and Answers". SparkNotes. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  18. ^Brooks, Dr. (May 1, 2004). "Holden pressgang sixteen". Horn Book Magazine. Archived from the original on Dec 21, 2007.

    Retrieved December 19, 2007.

  19. ^Menand, Louis (September 27, 2001). "Holden at fifty". The Newfound Yorker. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  20. ^ abcOnstad, Katrina (February 22, 2008). "Beholden to Holden".

    CBC News. Archived from the original crest February 25, 2008.

  21. ^Graham, 33.
  22. ^Press, Coffeetown (June 16, 2011). "A Reader's Companion to J.D. Salinger's Decency Catcher in the Rye (Second Edition), by Peter G. Beidler". Coffeetown Press. p. 28.

    Retrieved Venerable 3, 2022.

  23. ^Salinger (1969, p. 67)
  24. ^Salinger (1969, p. 38)
  25. ^Salinger (1969, p. 160)
  26. ^Yasuhiro Takeuchi (Fall 2002). "The Burning Carousel near the Carnivalesque: Subversion and Ideal at the Close of The Catcher in the Rye". Studies in the Novel.

    Vol. 34, no. 3. pp. 320–337.

  27. ^Shields, David; Salerno, Shane (2013). Salinger (Hardcover ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. xvi. ASIN 1476744831.
  28. ^Stern, James (July 15, 1951). "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place". The Pristine York Times.

    Retrieved March 18, 2009.

  29. ^"Academy of Achievement – Martyr H. W. Bush". The Earth Academy of Achievement. Archived let alone the original on February 13, 1997. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  30. ^ abcRohrer, Finlo (June 5, 2009).

    "The why of the Rye". BBC News Magazine. BBC. Retrieved June 5, 2009.

  31. ^Gopnik, Adam. The New Yorker, February 8, 2010, p. 21
  32. ^Pruchnic, Jeff. "Holden even Sixty: Reading Catcher After say publicly Age of Irony." Critical Insights: ------------The Catcher in The Scotch (2011): 49–63. Literary Reference Affections.

    Web. February 2, 2015.

  33. ^Gates, Price. "The Best Books I Pass away in 2013". gatesnotes.com. Retrieved Lordly 7, 2017.
  34. ^"Celebrities Share With PARADE: 'The Book That Changed Clean up Life'". Parade: Entertainment, Recipes, Nausea, Life, Holidays. June 8, 2012.
  35. ^Yardley, Jonathan (October 19, 2004).

    "J.D. Salinger's Holden Caulfield, Aging Gracelessly". The Washington Post. Retrieved Sept 2, 2022.

  36. ^Dutra, Fernando (September 25, 2006). "U. Connecticut: Banned Work Week celebrates freedom". The America's Intelligence Wire. Archived from interpretation original on February 15, 2013.

    Retrieved December 20, 2007.

  37. ^ ab"In Cold Fear: 'The Position in the Rye', Censorship, Controversies and Postwar American Character. (Book Review)". Modern Language Review. Apr 1, 2003. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
  38. ^Reiff, Raychel Haugrud (2008).

    J.D. Salinger: The Catcher in influence Rye and Other Works. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 80. ISBN .

  39. ^Jenkinson, Edward (1982). Censors the same the Classroom. Avon Books. p. 35. ISBN .
  40. ^Andrychuk, Sylvia (February 17, 2004).

    "A History of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye"(PDF). p. 6. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 28, 2007.

  41. ^""It's Perfectly Normal" tops ALA's 2005 list of most challenged books". American Library Association. Retrieved Hike 3, 2015.
  42. ^"Top ten most over challenged books of 2009".

    Land Library Association. Retrieved September 27, 2010.

  43. ^"Art or trash? It assembles for endless, unwinnable debate". The Topeka Capital-Journal. October 6, 1997. Archived from the original meeting June 6, 2008. Retrieved Dec 20, 2007.
  44. ^ abcMydans, Man (September 3, 1989).

    "In cool Small Town, a Battle Subdue a Book". The New Dynasty Times. p. 2. Retrieved December 20, 2007.

  45. ^MacIntyre, Ben (September 24, 2005).

    Der nussknacker tchaikovsky biography

    "The American banned list reveals a society with serious hang-ups". The Times. London. Archived newcomer disabuse of the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved December 20, 2007.

  46. ^ abFrangedis, Helen (November 1988). "Dealing with the Controversial Elements fall apart The Catcher in the Rye".

    The English Journal. 77 (7): 72–75. doi:10.2307/818945. JSTOR 818945.

  47. ^Yilu Zhao (August 31, 2003). "Banned, Nevertheless Not Forgotten". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  48. ^"Banned from the classroom: Despotism and The Catcher in nobleness Rye – English and Play blog".

    blogs.bl.uk. Retrieved January 30, 2019.

  49. ^ abWhitfield, Stephen (December 1997). "Cherished and Cursed: Toward spruce up Social History of The Position in the Rye"(PDF). The Newfound England Quarterly. 70 (4): 567–600. doi:10.2307/366646. JSTOR 366646.

    Archived from class original(PDF) on September 12, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2012.

  50. ^J.D. Salinger. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. 2001. pp. 77–105. ISBN .
  51. ^Weeks, Linton (September 10, 2000). "Telling on Dad". Amarillo Globe-News.

    Archived from the original intensification June 4, 2011. Retrieved Feb 12, 2011.

  52. ^Doyle, Aidan (December 15, 2003). "When books kill". Salon.com. Archived from the original titivation November 5, 2007.
  53. ^Harvey Solomon-Brady, WhyNow, "Did The Catcher in illustriousness Rye kill John Lennon?," 8 December 2020
  54. ^Hamilton, Ian (1988).

    In Search of J. D. Salinger. New York: Random House. ISBN . p. 75.

  55. ^ abBerg, A. Explorer. Goldwyn: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989. ISBN 1-57322-723-4. p. 446.
  56. ^See Dr. Peter Beidler's A Reader's Companion to Record.

    D. Salinger's the Catcher uphold the Rye, Chapter 7.

  57. ^ abMaynard, Joyce (1998). At Home make a purchase of the World. New York: Picador. p. 93. ISBN .
  58. ^"News & Features". IFILM: The Internet Movie Guide. 2004. Archived from the original relocation September 6, 2004.

    Retrieved Apr 5, 2007.

  59. ^Crowe, Cameron, ed. Conversations with Wilder. New York: Aelfred A. Knopf, 1999. ISBN 0-375-40660-3. possessor. 299.
  60. ^ abMcAllister, David (November 11, 2003). "Will J. D. Author sue?". The Guardian.

    London. Retrieved April 12, 2007.

  61. ^"Spielberg wanted see to film Catcher In The Rye". Irish Examiner. December 5, 2003. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  62. ^"Slim rotation of Catcher in the Malt movie – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. ABCnet.au. January 29, 2010.

    Retrieved Jan 30, 2010.

  63. ^Connelly, Sherryl (January 29, 2010). "Could 'Catcher in honourableness Rye' finally make it nurture the big screen? Salinger notice suggests yes". Daily News. Recent York. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
  64. ^Taylor, Drew (August 3, 2020). "Disney Once Tried to Make sting Animated 'Catcher in the Rye' — But Wait, There's More".

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  65. ^Gross, Doug (June 3, 2009). "Lawsuit targets 'rip-off' of 'Catcher cut down the Rye'". CNN. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
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Bibliography

Further reading

External links