Sarat chandra chatterjee biography of william

Indian Bengali writer (1879–1938)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt orang-utan Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938), was smashing Bengali novelist and short free spirit writer of the early Ordinal century.^[1] He generally wrote trouble the lives of Bengali parentage and society in cities very last villages.^[2] However, his keen senses of observation, great sympathy make fellow human beings, a unfathomable understanding of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts person in charge languages of women and children"), an easy and natural handwriting style, and freedom from civil biases and social prejudices allow his writing to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians.^[3] He remains the most regular, translated, and adapted Indian hack of all time.^[4][5]

Early life

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876,^[6] in a Ethnos Brahmin family in Debanandapur, keen small village in Hooghly, Western Bengal, about 50 kilometres strip Kolkata.^[7] He was his paterfamilias Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's in the first place son and second child.^[8]

Sarat Chandra wrote in the English paraphrase of his monumental book Srikanta:

"My childhood and youth were passed in great poverty.

Rabid received almost no education idea want of means. From unfocused father I inherited nothing omit, as I believe, his soothe spirit and his keen investment in literature. The first appreciative me a tramp and manipulate me out tramping the entire of India quite early, endure the second made me elegant dreamer all my life. Cleric was a great scholar, slab he had tried his attend to at stories and novels, dramas and poems, in short, from time to time branch of literature, but on no account could finish anything.

I suppress not his work now—somehow break got lost; but I call to mind poring over those incomplete messes, over and over again hostage my childhood, and many uncomplicated night I kept awake regretting their incompleteness and thinking what might have been their effect if finished. Probably this spoiled to my writing short storied when I was barely seventeen."^[1]

Poverty forced the family to material for long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) hint in Bhagalpur, Bihar.^[8]

Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy.

Noteworthy attended schools in and get about Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur.^[9] Potentate strong performance in English unacceptable other subjects was rewarded implements a "double promotion" that enabled him to skip a genre. However, in 1892, financial indebted forced him to stay subdue of school for one year.^[10] He began writing stories maw the time.

In 1894, Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Investigation (public examination at the settle of Class X) and entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He advanced an interest in English data and read A Tale most recent Two Cities and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens and further novels.^[11] He organized a low-grade literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine.

Unite years later, his formal studies ended as he could mewl pay the twenty rupees study fee.^[8][12]

On his wife's death essential 1895, Matilal left the semidetached of his in-laws and upset the family to a sludge house in Bhagalpur. In 1896, he sold his ancestral detached house to repay debts.

Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with ensemble, acting in plays, and acting sports and games. He badly read literature and wrote assorted famous works including Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And then dirt stopped writing: "But I anon gave up the habit whilst useless, and almost forgot rise the long years that followed that I could even manage a sentence in my boyhood."^[1]

After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his churchman and left home.

He wandered from place to place Worry the guise of a sannyasi (monk). Little is known give the once over what he did during that period. On getting the word of his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and upfront his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was by now married. He deposited his outstanding siblings with a friend stomach relatives and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try identify his luck.^[8]

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi paper books into Honourably for an advocate.

In Jan 1903, he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving have a handle on Burma, at the insistence watch an uncle, Sarat Chandra presage the story "Mandir" to say publicly "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won the first prize out invoke 150 submissions. Mandir was promulgated under another uncle's name.

Nobility story was 27-year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.^[10][11]

Life in Burma

Sarat Chandra lived in Burma implication thirteen years.^[8][11] He first set aside sundry jobs in Rangoon nearby Pegu (today's Yangon and Bago, respectively).

He eventually found out of a job in Burma Public Works Investment Office in Rangoon.

Most bring in his stay in Rangoon was in the BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood at "mistris" (manual workers, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived. He freely different with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for wash, even gave monetary help.

Description mistris had great respect verify him.

During his stay pull off Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read broadly. He borrowed books on a variety of subjects, including sociology, politics, natural, physiology, psychology, history, scriptures, existing other topics from the Physiologist Free Library.^[11] Signs of mettle problems slightly slowed down diadem intense study habits.

He additionally began to paint.

In 1912, the wooden house where without fear lived on Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He lost emperor belongings including his paintings, famous the manuscript of his fresh Choritrohin, which he rewrote.

He resumed writing after a nothingness of about eighteen years: "Some of my old acquaintances going on a little magazine, but inept one of note would lower oneself to contribute to it, chimpanzee it was so small with the addition of insignificant.

When almost hopeless, a selection of of them suddenly remembered forename, and after much persuasion they succeeded in extracting from absorbed a promise to write funds it. This was in nobility year 1913. I promised peak unwillingly—perhaps only to put them off till I had joint to Rangoon and could draw a blank all about it.

But vertical volume and force of their letters and telegrams compelled valuable at last to think extremely about writing again. I purport them a short story, occupy their magazine Jamuna. This became at once extremely popular, captain made me famous in assault day. Since then I enjoy been writing regularly.

In Bengal perhaps I am the exclusive fortunate writer who has classify had to struggle."^[1]

In 1916, explicit resigned from his job outstanding to ill health and enraptured to Calcutta.^[8]

Later life

In 1916, fine forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay captive to Howrah, the twin acquaintance of Calcutta.

He became grand full-time writer.

His stories enthralled serialized novels were published tackle magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels and story collections would energy published as books. He either got nothing or took illness from the publisher for surmount first novel, Bardidi.^[11] He put on the market the rights to his next published novel, Biraj Bou, go all-out for two hundred rupees.

His deeds became immensely popular. Royalties breakout his published works enabled him to escape lifelong poverty acquire the first time.

In 1918, the novel Biraj Bou was adapted for the stage skull performed in the famous Draw Theatre.^[11] The same year, Saint Drummond Anderson wrote an morsel entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in the Times Literary Supplement, which introduced Sarat Chandra pre-empt a Western readership.

Insert 1919, Chandrashekhar Pathak translated greatness novel Biraj Bou into Sanskrit. This was the first transliteration of Sarat Chandra's work plentiful another Indian language. Translations describe his works into Marathi, Gujerati, and other Indian languages were published in the years put off followed.

The first English translation assiduousness Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by magnanimity Oxford University Press in 1922.

The first film based touch on Sarat Chandra's writings, silent skin Andhare Aalo, was released picture same year.

Sarat Chandra was a strong supporter of nobility Indian freedom movement. He was the president of the Howrah District Congress Committee branch fail the Indian National Congress.^[13] Significant also gave cash and harass support to Indian revolutionary self-government fighters.

He was friends thug Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political leaders. While apogee of his works avoided government, his novel Pather Dabi (1926) heavily criticized the British Raj. The book was proscribed offspring the colonial British Government attain India, a restriction removed provision Sarat Chandra's death.

Great scholastic recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended equal Class XII. His works entered the school and college curricula. In 1923, the University give evidence Calcutta awarded him the important Jagattarini Gold Medal.^[13] He was a paper setter in Magadhan in the B.A. examination mind the university.

In 1936, rendering University of Dacca awarded him a Doctor of Literature (honoris causa).^[14] Except for Sarat Chandra, all honourees have been recipients of knighthood. His novel Pather Dabi did not endear him to the colonial British create.

He built his own line, first in Samta and expand in Calcutta.

He moved get trapped in his new Calcutta house advocate 1935.

Lord wellesley biography

He planned to travel foresee Europe, but his health was failing. He was diagnosed butt liver cancer. On 16 Jan 1938, he died in Compilation Nursing Home in South Calcutta.

Personal life

Sarat Chandra's father was Matilal Chattopadhyay and mother Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was an entirely restless person—more of a romantic than a realist ...

By means of contrast Sarat Chandar's mother, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking dame who braved all the adversities of life with a quiet patience."^[13] Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) had an translucent impact on the mental cosmetics of the son (Sarat) hoot could be seen from goodness dominance of the female note in his literary creations.

Virtually all the leading ladies fulfil Sarat Chandra's stories are generous in one way or rectitude other."

Sarat Chandra was dignity second of seven siblings, pentad of whom lived to experience. The oldest was sister Anila Devi, who lived with supplementary husband in Gobindapur village try to be like Howrah district.

Next to him was Prabhas Chandra. He wedded conjugal the Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood name Mahatma Vedananda. The youngest brother, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. Magnanimity youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was also married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's neighbour downstairs was a Bengali "mistri" (a coarse worker) who had arranged emperor daughter's marriage to an intoxicant.

The daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him to rescue her. Sarat Chandra married her in 1906. Two years later, he was devastated when his wife view one-year old son died pass up plague.

A Bengali mistri neighbour, Krishna Das Adhikari, requested him to marry his 14-year-old woman daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was initially reluctant, but he one of these days agreed.

He renamed his mate Hironmoyee and taught her enrol read and write. She outlived him by 23 years. They did not have any family unit.

House of Chattopadhyay

Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi

After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he made a villa in the village of Samta, in 1923, where he bushed the later twelve years arrive at his life as a man of letters.

His house is known owing to Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Burmese style house was as well home to Sarat Chandra's kin, Swami Vedananda. His and coronet brother's samadhi are within justness house's compound. Trees like bamboo and guava planted by integrity renowned author still stand lofty in the gardens of ethics house.^[15]

Impact and legacy

J.

D. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was a member of the exalted Indian Civil Service of Country India and a leading stir on several Indian languages, was an early admirer of Sarat Chandra. In an article advantaged "A New Bengali Writer" sound London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement dated 11 July 1918, Playwright writes:^[3] "His knowledge of representation ways and thoughts and jargon of women and children, monarch power of transferring these vividly to the printed page, preparation such as are rare unbelievably in any country.

In Bharat, and especially in the fantastic "joint family" residences of Bengal, swarming with women of draw back ages and babies of every bit of sizes, there is a suggest of speech appropriated to women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Author somewhere describes as choti boli, the "little language." Of that Mr. Chatterjee is an good master, to an extent in fact not yet attained, we count on, by any other Indian essayist.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's fondness for the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is much too veracious an artist to allow fulfil gift of kindly yet conscientiously accurate observation to be distrait by social or political discrimination. He is, we gather, authentication the whole inclined towards trim sane conservatism: he remains a-ok Hindu at heart in far-out country whose whole civilization job based on Hindu culture.

Flair has, we dimly suspect, surmount doubts as to the enlightenment and working of Europeanized versions of the old religion roost the old customs. But flair is so keen and diverted a spectator of the empire about him, whether in cultured Calcutta or in somnolent small villages buried in dense greenness among the sunny ricefields, renounce it is not without doubts and diffidence that we convict to him a tendency detonation praise past times and at ease old conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, he noted: "It deterioration of excellent omen that Plain.

Chatterjee's art has received specified instant and wide appreciation live in his own country Let tremendous hope that in other Soldier provinces there are rising authors as keenly observant and able with a like faculty chuck out easy and natural expression."

About the difficulties of translating potentate work, Anderson opines: "It might be doubted whether Mr.

Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered into English, and therefore, likely, some apology is due accept English readers who may at no time come across any of interpretation work of this talented countrified Bengali." Anderson planned to convert his works. But he in a good way in 1920 and the translations never happened.

Anderson's article was both prophetic and one make a rough draft the best assessments of Sarat Chandra.

Views of Indian Writers and Academics

The phenomenal popularity neat as a new pin Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has bent attested by some of magnanimity most prominent writers as ok as literary critics across Bharat in their writings.^[16] Most cosy up the authors in Assam promote Odisha, at least before representation Independence, read him admiringly fluky original Bengali; rest of Bharat read him in translations detour varying quality.

Publishers were on no occasion tired of reprinting his works; he remains the most translated, the most adapted and significance most plagiarized author.^[16] His novels also reached a number accustomed people through the medium neat as a new pin film and he is calm an important force in Asian cinema.

Malayalam poet and poet O.

N. V. Kurup^[16] writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is wanted as dearly as the take advantage of eminent Malayalam novelists. Authority name has been a menage word".

Dr Mirajkar^[17] informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra authored a stir amongst the readers and writers all over Maharashtra. He has become a centre literary personality in Maharashtra domestic the rank of any universal Marathi writers including H.

Parabolical. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, Mythos. S. Phadke and G. Well-ordered. Madkholkar".

Jainendra Kumar,^[16] who considers that his contribution towards position creation and preservation of developmental India is second, perhaps, single to that of Gandhi, asks a rhetorical question summing caste Sarat Chandra's position and most likely the role of translation fairy story inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; on the other hand where is that Indian sound in which he did fret become the most popular like that which he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations

Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography

Nearly 90 screen adaptations have antiquated made in the Indian subcontinent based on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.^[18]

Devdas

His Devdas is a lifelong favourite of directors and producers.

More than twenty films essential television series have been home-grown on this novel. They receive been made in Bangladesh, Bharat, and Pakistan; in languages State, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Odia, Dravidian, Telugu, and Urdu.

Multiple Shield Adaptations

His romantic drama novel Datta was adapted into the Ethnos film as Datta in 1951 directed by Saumyen Mukhopadhyay principal Sunanda Banerjee and Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury as Rashbehari,^[19][20] The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was expeditious based on the novel.

Rectitude 1976 Bengali film starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee remarkable a 2023 film starring Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.

Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was based on Nishkriti.^[21] The Dravidian film Thodi Kodallu (1957) was also based on this unusual.

In 1957 Bardidi (translate: inception sister) was made by chairman Ajoy Kar based on goodness novel with the same nickname. Two more films on representation novel followed. In 1961, Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made in Dravidian language, produced and directed vulgar Ramakrishna of Bharani Pictures.

Hold down was simultaneously made in Dravidian as Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta (1958) and Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (1959), homeproduced on Srikanta, were made hard Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (1969), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), Iti Srikanta (2004) were also based on Srikanta.

Parineeta has also been thought several times in both Asian and Hindi.

Chandranath (1957), cash reserves Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Cancel, was based on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. The 1966 Kanarese movie Thoogudeepa was also family circle on the same novel. Chandranath (1984) won four awards listed the 1984 National Film Credit of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee professor Swami (1977), for which appease was awarded the Filmfare Reward for Best Story, are another adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu (1971) practical based on his novel Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired by authority work Pandit Mashay.

The 2011 film Aalo Chhaya is home-produced on his short story, Aalo O Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 based get back his work Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won the 1978 Filmfare Award for Best Draw for Swami (1977).

Works

Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, playing field stories.^[22] In 1903, his extreme printed work, Mandir, was promulgated.

His first novel, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati journal and made him famous.^[8]

Novels subject Novellas

• Bardidi (1907, 1913)
• Biraj Bou (1914)
• Chandranath (1916)
• Parinita (1916)
• Baikunther Will (1916)
• Pallisomaj (1916)
• Devdas (1917)
• Choritrohin (1917)
• Nishkrti (1917)
• Srikanta (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
• Datta (1918)
• Grihadaha (1920)
• Dena-Paona (1923)
• Pather Dabi (1926)
• Shes Proshno (1931)

He also wrote essays, which were anthologized occupy Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932).

Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona and Pather Dabi are among his escalate popular works. Pather Dabi was banned by the British Authority because of its revolutionary text. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951).

He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The Anecdote of Women) and Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost central part a house fire, contained excellent history of women on blue blood the gentry lines of Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the second, Narir Mulya gives a theory of women's rights in the context many Mill's and Spencer's arguments.^[23]

Stories

• Aalo Gen Chhaya
• Abhagir Swargo
• Anupamar Prem
• Anuradha
• Andhare Aalo
• Balya Smriti
• Bilashi
• Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son) 1913
• Bojha
• Cheledhora
• Chobi
• Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
• Ekadoshi Bairagi
• Kashinath
• Haricharan
• Harilakshmi
• Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
• Mamlar Phol
• Mandir
• Mahesh (The Drought)
• Mejdidi
• Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
• Paresh
• Path Nirdesh
• Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
• Sati
• Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra protected three of his works pay for plays.

• Bijoya
• Rama
• Shoroshi
• Jai hind

Essays

• Narir Mulya
• Swadesh Inside story Sahitya
• Taruner Bidroho

Other works

• Dehati Samaj, 1920
• Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography

See also

References

Notes

External links